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Missionary  and  Educational  Work 


Congregational  Churches 
in  All  the  World 


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SURVEY 


of  the 


of  the 


1920-1921 


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Issued  by 
The  Commission  of  the  National  Council 

on  the 

Congregational  World  Movement 


287  Fourth  Avenue  -  New  York  City 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Page 

Introduction . 3 

Our  Missionary  Enterprise .  4 

The  Budget . 5-7 

Church  Extension  Boards . 8-36 

Home  Missionary  Society 
Church  Building  Society 
Sunday  School  Extension  Society 

Congregational  Education  Society  and  Educa¬ 
tional  Institutions . 37-44 

American  Missionary  Association . 45-60 

Ministerial  Relief  and  .Annuity  Fund . 61-64 

Woman’s  Home  Missionary  Federation . 65-70 

American  Board  and  Woman's  Boards . 71-119 

Other  Objects .  120 

Resources . 121-126 

How  to  Use  This  Survey .  127 

Conclusion . 128 


INTRODUCTION 


3 


INTRODUCTION 

THIS  Survey  is  a  study  of  the  entire  missionary  program  of  the  Con¬ 
gregational  churches.  It  is  intended  to  make  it  possible  for  the  last 
member  of  those  churches  to  have  an  intelligent  acquaintance  with  the 
program  of  his  denomination  for  extending  the  kingdom  of  God  both  at 
home  and  abroad.  Specifically  it  is  intended  to  set  forth  the  budget 
required  for  this  great  enterprise,  so  that  every  contributor  may  judge 
whether  or  not  there  is  justification  for  the  subscription  asked. 

The  appeals  of  the  immediate  past  have  been  so  numerous  as  to  be 
confusing  to  all  but  the  initiated.  For  Congregationalists  there  are  at 
least  six  which  should  be  clearly  differentiated:  ( a)  The  Pilgrim  Memorial 
Fund  asked  originally  for  an  endowment  of  $5,000,000  for  the  establishing 
of  a  pension  fund  for  ministers.  The  principal  campaign  for  this  fund 
concluded  April  1st,  1919.  Subscriptions  for  some  $6,500,000  have  been 
written.  It  is  felt  that  in  view  of  the  depreciation  of  the  dollar  this  fund 
should  ultimately  reach  $8,000,000.  It  is  in  no  way  involved  in  the 
budget  presented  in  this  Survey,  (b)  The  Apportionment  for  the  work 
of  the  seven  missionary  societies  has  asked  for  $2,000,000  annually.  This 
is  embraced  in  the  budget  presented  herewith,  (c)  The  Emergency 
Fund  called  for  in  April  and  May  of  1920  sought  $3,000,000  to  supple¬ 
ment  the  former  apportionment  made  wholly  inadequate  by  post-war 
costs  and  to  provide  for  essential  Congregational  enterprises  not  formerly 
included  in  the  apportionment,  (d)  The  Interchurch  World  Movement 
stood  for  the  simultaneous  appeal  of  the  several  denominations  to  their 
constituencies  for  their  own  missionary  and  educational  work.  The 
Emergency  Fund  was  our  share  in  the  simultaneous  feature  of  that 
Movement.  The  subscriptions  to  the  Congregational  World  Movement 
were  wholly  apart  from  the  Interchurch  Movement  as  such.  They  are 
purely  and  simply  contributions  to  our  Congregational  missionary  and 
educational  work.  In  addition  to  the  simultaneous  feature  the  Inter¬ 
church  Movement  appealed  to  the  common  public  for  subscriptions  to 
the  common  treasury.  With  these  subscriptions  Congregationalists  as 
such  have  nothing  to  do.  Careful  distinction  should  be  made  between 
the  two  pledges,  (e)  The  National  Council  authorized  its  commission 
to  seek  to  raise  in  a  five-year  period  $50,000,000  for  all  the  denomina¬ 
tional  causes.  This  would  include  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund;  the 
apportionment  with  its  increase  under  the  Emergency  Fund;  special 
state  campaigns  already  under  way,  and  campaigns  for  educational 
endowments  by  Congregational  institutions,  either  independently  or  in 
conjunction  with  the  commission,  (f)  The  appeal  presented  herewith 
for  $5,000,000  which  embraces  the  old  apportionment  together  with  the 
necessary  increase  of  this  apportionment  which  was  initiated  in  the 
emergency  campaign  of  1919.  This  amount  represents  the  normal 
budget  for  denominational  work  at  the  present  moment. 

This  study  is  of  primary  value  to  the  missionary  committee  of  the 
church.  Here  are  given  facts  on  which  to  determine  what  the  budget  of 
the  church  should  be  and  information  to  furnish  the  members  calculated 
to  interest  them  in  the  causes  and  to  guide  them  in  determining  their 
gifts.  Let  the  committee  devise  all  possible  means  for  getting  the  facts 
to  the  members  and  supporters  of  the  church. 

45772? 


4 


OUR  MISSIONARY  ENTERPRISE 


OUR  MISSIONARY  ENTERPRISE 

I.  Church  Extension 

Our  denominational  enterprise  begins  with  the  fostering  of  the 
entire  life  of  the  Congregational  churches  through  the  state  conference 
organizations  and  the  Church  Extension  Boards. 

Aid  is  given  in  maintaining  the  preaching  of  the  gospel,  especially 
in  the  new,  the  small  and  the  more  needy  communities,  including  the 
frontier,  the  immigrant  populations,  the  growing  city  and  the  rural 
field.  The  normal  force  of  home  missionaries  is  some  seventeen  hundred. 

About  one  hundred  and  twenty  churches  are  aided  annually  in  se¬ 
curing  sanctuaries  and  parsonages  by  grants  and  loans. 

New  Sunday  Schools  to  the  number  of  over  a  hundred  each  year  are 
organized;  weak  Sunday  Schools  are  made  strong;  disbanded  Sunday 
Schools  are  reorganized;  grants  of  Sunday  School  literature  are  made. 

II.  Education 

The  Education  Society  is  responsible  for  the  denomination’s  pro¬ 
gram  of  religious  education,  including  missionary  education  and  social 
service  in  the  home,  in  the  Sunday  School,  in  the  young  people’s  society, 
in  colleges  and  in  tax-supported  schools. 

This  Society  aids  colleges,  academies,  theological  seminaries  and 
training  schools,  and  gives  assistance  to  students  for  the  ministry;  also 
student  pastors  are  maintained  in  state  universities. 

Temporarily  extra  aid  is  proposed  to  forty-eight  Congregational 
institutions  to  tide  them  over  the  present  emergency. 

III.  Ministerial  Pensions  and  Relief 

Provision  is  made  for  pensions  for  ministers  through  the  Pilgrim 
Memorial  Fund  and  the  Annuity  Fund.  Through  the  Congregational 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief  some  five  hundred  grants  of  aid  are  made 
annually. 

IV.  The  American  Missionary  Association 

Through  the  A.  M.  A.  the  gospel  and  Christian  education  are  given 
to  the  Negroes,  Indians,  Eskimos,  Orientals,  the  mountain  people  of 
the  South,  Hawaiians,  Mexicans,  Cubans  and  Porto  Ricans— in  short, 
to  the  undeveloped  races  under  our  flag.  This  is  done  through  208 
churches  and  56  schools  of  all  types,  and  touches  our  national  needs  at 
most  critical  points. 

V.  The  Woman’s  Home  Missionary  Federation 

The  W.  H.  M.  F.  affiliates  35  state  woman’s  home  missionary 
unions  which  aim  to  raise  $650,000  annually  for  the  homeland  societies. 

VI.  Foreign  Missions 

.  The  American  Board  of  Commissioners  for  Foreign  Missions  as  the 
agency  of  the  churches  maintains  in  twelve  countries  800  missionaries 
and  6,000  native  workers  in  the  endeavor  to  leaven  with  the  gospel  of 
Christ  75,000,000  people  of  the  non-Christian  world  for  whom  agreement 
among  the  several  denominations  has  made  us  responsible. 

Co-operating  with  the  Ainerican  Board  are  the  Woman’s  Board 
of  Missions,  Boston;  the  Woman’s  Board  of  the  Interior,  Chicago;  and 
the  Woman’s  Board  of  the  Pacific,  San  Francisco. 


THE  BUDGET 


5 


THE  BUDGET 


The  Budget  is  Itemized  in  Several  Sections  of  the  Survey,  and 
Detailed  Reports  of  Each  Society  May  be  Had  on  Application 


The  Cong’l  Home  Missionary  Society  Including 
Affiliated  State  and  City  Organizations 

Year  ending  March  31,  1920  (1437  Missionaries; 

1788  in  1914)........... . 

To  re-employ  351  Missionaries  dropped  since  1914 
To  increase  salaries  Missionary  pastors  to  50% 

above  scale  of  1914 . 

Total  budget  (round  numbers) . 


T.ast  Fiscal  Budget 

Year  1921 


$707,282  $707,282 

264,060 

245,000 

- $1,216,000 


The  Congregational  Church  Building  Society 

1919  Expenditures .  555,089  555,089 

Toward  making  aid  equivalent  to  pre-war  grants  195,000 


The  Congregational  S.  S.  Extension  Society 

1919  Budget  (State  and  National) .  57,697  57,697 

Increase  of  salaries  and  filling  vacant  fields .  44,803 


Congregational  Education  Society 

1919  Budget .  145,000  145,000 

Increase  in  salaries  and  filling  vacancies .  93,000 


American  Missionary  Association 

Year  ending  September  31,  1920 .  494,110  494,110 

Necessary  increase  in  current  budget .  165,000 

Salary  increase,  buildings  and  repairs .  280,000 


Congregational  Board  of  Ministerial  Relief 

1919  Budget . . .  116,881  116,881 

Increasing  grants  to  maximum  of  $500. . .  45,119 


(Woman’s  Home  Missionary  Unions  responsible  for 
$650,000  of  the  six  Homeland  Soc’s.) 

American  Board  and  Woman’s  Boards 


750,000 


102,500 


238,000 


939,000 


162,000 


Year  ending  August  31,  1920  (Debt  $240,000) .  1,909,378  1,909,378 

Imperative  increases .  635,000 

- -  2,544,000 


Grand  total  seven  Societies .  3,985,437  5,951,500 

Less  receipts,  legacies,  int.,  etc .  1,676,500 


(C.  H.  M.  S.t  $266,000;  C.  C.  B.  S.,  $335,000;  C.  S.  S. 
E.  S.,  $2,500;  C.  E.  S.,  $38,000;  A.  M.  A.,  $314,- 
000;  C.  B.  M.  R.,  $62,000;  A.  B.  C.  F.  M.,  and 
W.  M.,  $659,000) . 


New  Apportionment  for  Seven  Societies 

Not  Under  Old  Apportionment .  $4,275,000 

Educational  Institutions .  575,000 

Annuity  Fund  Pensions  for  older  ministers  (New) .  100,000 

Miscellaneous .  50,000 


Apportionment  for  1921 


$5,000,000 


6 


THE  BUDGET 


The  Budget  Challenged 

The  cost  of  living  has  outrun  the  increase  in  income  for  the  average 
Congregationalist.  Some  have  no  increase  in  income  whatever,  many 
have  comparatively  small  increases.  The  average  is  doubtless  less  than 
the  increase  in  costs.  Taxes  are  high;  the  future  is  uncertain.  Our 
people  have  given  to  the  limit  for  a  multitude  of  causes  in  the  past,  and 
must  continue  to  do  so.  Have  our  missionary  and  educational  agencies  a 
right  to  ask  for  an  increase  at  this  time? 

Only  one  course  is  open  to  the  denominational  representatives — 
to  present  to  the  churches  the  situation,  and  let  them  give  answer. 

1.  The  Regular  Budget  of  the  Societies.  Through  more  than 
one  hundred  years  of  self-sacrificing  missionary  labor  in  America  and 
throughout  the  world,  with  careful  and  economical  administration  in 
raising  funds  and  administering  them,  a  far-reaching  and  eminently 
successful  missionary  enterprise  has  been  built  up.  Congregationalists 
have  a  right  to  be  proud  of  this  record.  The  major  portion  of  the  entire 
budget  is  to  maintain  this  established  work.  We  cannot  readily  submit 
to  a  sacrifice  of  this  service  in  this  day  of  the  world’s  dire  need,  but  to 
maintain  the  established  work  will  require  an  increase  from  contributors 
of  about  133%%.  This  would  give  an  increase  in  the  budget  of  the 
Societies  of  approximately  66%%.  The  explanation  is  that  in  the  past 
about  half  of  the  resources  of  the  Societies  have  come  from  fixed  sources, 
such  as  legacies,  interest  on  funds,  repayment  of  loans  on  church  build¬ 
ings,  conditional  gifts,  etc.;  that  is,  to  save  our  inheritance  of  good  work, 
our  giving  must  be  increased  133%%.  The  alternative  is  to  sacrifice 
the  regular  work. 

In  the  large,  the  need  for  the  increase  is  simply  to  meet  increased 
costs.  Salaries,  however,  constitute  the  chief  call  for  more  money.  Some 
increases  have  been  made  in  pastors’  salaries,  but  these  have  been  meager 
compared  with  the  increase  in  cost  of  living.  This  is  serious  because  the 
salary  before  the  war  provided  mere  subsistence.  Beside  making  in¬ 
creases  of  grants  to  missionary  pastors,  the  budget  provides  the  expenses 
for  a  campaign  of  increase  for  all  pastors.  The  foreign  missionary  faces 
the  same  situation  exactly,  in  some  quarters  in  exaggerated  form  because 
the  cost  of  living  has  risen  more  radically  than  in  the  United  States. 
Moreover,  the  American  Board  has  some  6,000  native  workers  under  its 
employ  who  have  labored  on  the  most  meager  wages.  These  must  be 
increased  anywhere  from  50  to  100%.  With  the  teachers  in  our  colleges, 
seminaries,  academies,  training  schools,  etc.,  and  especially  in  the 
A.  M.  A.  Schools  it  is  the  same  story. 

2.  Imperative  Advances.  Success  on  the  mission  field  demands 
further  investment  at  the  cost  of  sacrificing  that  success  if  it  is  not 
made.  The  outstanding  needs  for  these  imperative  advances  are  fully 
outlined  in  the  Survey.  They  include,  first,  meeting  the  necessities 
occasioned  by  the  war,  as  for  example  in  ravaged  Turkey,  where  the 
entire  hospital  ministry  returns  to  the  care  of  the  American  Board  from 


THE  BUDGET 


7 


the  Turkish  Army  and  the  Near  East  Relief,  with  an  increment  of  nearly 
$1,000,000  in  value  in  equipment,  etc.  A  million  martyrs  for  their  faith 
among  the  Armenians  have  left  untellable  need  of  service  to  that  people 
for  whom  we  alone  are  responsible;  second,  for  reaping  ripe  harvests  from 
the  sacrificial  labors  of  the  past,  as  for  example  in  China,  where  tens  of 
thousands  wait  only  for  the  reinforcement  of  the  missionary  staff;  third, 
for  taking  our  share  in  the  interdenominational  projects  which  have  been 
launched  very  largely  as  the  result  of  our  leadership. 

Then  there  are  the  needs  of  the  American  Missionary  Association 
in  putting  buildings  in  sanitary  condition  with  other  necessary  repairs, 
in  completing  buildings  under  construction  stopped  by  the  war,  and  in 
building  a  few  additional  structures  to  provide  for  the  growing  effective¬ 
ness  of  schools  and  churches. 

3.  Non-Apportionment  Items.  Three  items  are  included  in  the 
$5,000,000  budget  which  were  not  embraced  in  the  old  apportionment, 
namely,  Educational  Institutions,  Annuities  for  older  ministers  and 
Miscellaneous.  Previously  these  were  financed  largely  by  appeals  to 
our  people  and  churches  in  addition  to  the  apportionment.  In  so  far  as 
this  is  true  it  is  bringing  them  within  the  regular  appeals  and  does  not 
mean  an  increase. 

The  educational  institutions  are  on  the  budget  supposedly  only 
for  the  few  years  in  which  these  schools  will  be  providing  endowment 
adequate  to  relieve  the  churches  of  these  contributions.  War  costs, 
however,  have  made  it  necessary  to  come  to  the  rescue  of  these  educa¬ 
tional  institutions,  or  see  their  serious  crippling,  or  suffer  their  complete 
loss.  These  institutions  furnish  us  the  majority  of  our  Christian  leaders, 
especially  pastors  and  missionaries.  Regarding  the  annuities  for  older 
ministers,  the  terms  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  are  such  that  men 
in  the  ministry  past  fifty  years  of  age  are  practically  excluded  from  its 
benefits.  It  is  felt  that  the  churches  will  welcome  heartily  a  plan  under 
which  provision  may  be  made  for  this  latter  class. 

Promotional  Expenses 

How  much  of  the  budget  will  be  required  for  promoting  the  Move¬ 
ment?  The  Commission  on  Missions  estimated  that  six  per  cent  would 
cover  the  cost.  The  National  Council  approved  this  figure.  The 
expenses  inclusive  of  the  cost  of  the  Interchurch  World  Movement  will 
be  less  than  this.  The  first  year  is  naturally  the  heaviest  and  just  about 
six  per  cent  will  be  needed.  Probably  four  per  cent  will  cover  the  ex¬ 
penses  for  the  coming  twelve  months.  In  the  following  years  the  expense 
account  will  decrease  until  it  dwindles  into  nothing  beyond  what  is 
normally  expended  by  the  several  agencies.  It  will  be  noted  then  that 
this  expense  provides  not  alone  for  the  immediate  income  but  for  raising 
the  standard  permanently. 


8 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 

The  Congregational  Home  Missionary  Society 

The  Congregational  Church  Building  Society 

The  Congregational  Sunday  School  Extension  Society 
Three  distinct  organizations  under  common  management,  with 
19  state  and  26  city  societies  in  affiliation. 

THE  TASK  OF  THE  CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 

I.  Fostering  All  the  Work  of  All  the  Churches 

1.  Through  state  conference  and  local  association  organizations. 

2.  Through  field  work;  correspondence,  visitation,  personal  service, 
pastoral  supply. 

3.  Through  evangelism,  the  general  organizations,  pastors’  retreats 
and  financing  the  Commission  on  Evangelism. 

II.  Aiding  Churches  Financially 

1.  On  pastors’  salaries;  new  churches;  rural  churches,  immigrant 
churches;  churches  with  problems. 

2.  On  buildings  and  equipment;  the  new  church;  the  enlarged  church; 
the  parsonage;  debt  raising;  by  grant  and  loan;  through  personal  service: 
also  securing  automobiles,  etc.,  for  pastoral  work  and  socio-religious 
activities. 

3.  By  enlisting  local  resources;  through  superintendents;  general 
missionaries;  financial  specialists. 

III.  Establishing  New  Churches 

1.  Gathering  Sunday  Schools;  by  the  Sunday  School  missionary;  by 
the  home  missionary  pastor. 

2.  Enlisting  members;  through  directing  local  leaders;  through  per¬ 
sonal  activities. 

3.  Procuring  property;  by  directing  local  workers;  by  granting  aid. 

LV.  Ministering  To  The  Unchurched 

1.  Remote  regions;  in  larger  parishes  with  plural  ministry  and  ade¬ 
quate  equipment;  by  itinerants;  by  Sunday  School  missionaries. 

2.  Migrant  groups;  lumbermen;  harvest  hands,  canneries,  etc. 

3.  Interdenominational  endeavors;  evangelistic  campaigns;  theatre 
meetings;  Americanization  projects;  rescue  missions’  work. 

SUMMARY  OF  WORK  FOR  THE  YEAR  1919 

THE  CONGREGATIONAL  HOME  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY 


Number  of  missionaries .  1437 

Number  of  churches  and  stations .  1879 

Total  accessions  to  home  mission  churches .  9555 

New  churches  organized .  19 

Churches  brought  to  self-support .  37 

Churches  and  stations  using  22  foreign  languages .  290 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


9 


CONGREGATIONAL  CHURCH  BUILDING  SOCIETY 


Appropriations  Voted 

107  grants  amounting  to .  $172,572 

69  church  loans  amounting  to . 131,230 

34  parsonage  loans  amounting  to .  44,500 


210  grants  and  loans  amounting  to .  $348,302 

CONGREGATIONAL  SUNDAY  SCHOOL  EXTENSION  SOCIETY 

Number  of  field  workers .  56 

Number  of  new  mission  Sunday  Schools  organized .  81 

Number  of  Sunday  Schools  reorganized .  23 

Number  of  Sunday  Schools  visited .  1288 

Number  of  conventions  and  union  conferences .  750 

Grants  of  literature .  265 

BUDGET  OF  THE  EXTENSION  BOARDS  FOR  1921 
THE  HOME  MISSIONARY  SOCIETY 

New  York  Office  and  National  Field  Work,  same  as  1919 . $69,591 

Missionary  labor  in  constituent  states  on  scale  of  1919 .  361,672 

Missionary  districts  and  foreign  departments .  239,660 

26  affiliated  city  societies  for  pastors’  salaries .  36,359 

To  increase  missionary  pastors’  salaries  to  50%  above  the  1914  scale .  245,000 

To  re-employ  351  missionaries  dropped  during  the  war .  264,060 

(The  last  two  items  include  extra  cost  of  publicity  and  administration, 

about  $42,400)  -  - - 

Total . .  ... . * . $1,216,342 

Less  fixed  income  from  legacies,  interest,  etc .  266,000 


Needed  from  contributions . . .  $950,342 

CHURCH  BUILDING  SOCIETY 

1919  1921 

Aid  asked  for  churches .  $490,986.32  $661,000 

Costs:  Insurance,  taxes,  upkeep,  legal  fees .  5,655.50  8,000 

Field  Work:  dist.  and  dept,  field  force . 14,583.16  20,000 

Interdenominational  projects .  5,000 

N.  Y.  Office  and  National  Field  Work .  24,329.95  32,000 

Publicity  and  Promotion  (incl.  C.  W.  M.  exp.) .  '  19,534.06  24,000 


$555,088.99  $750,000 

The  increase  of  $194,911  is  needed  to  meet  increased  costs  in  building. 
This  will  scarcely  make  possible  aid  equivalent  to  that  of  1914. 

SUNDAY  SCHOOL  EXTENSION  SOCIETY 


1919  1921 

Missionary  Service — Salaries .  $20,272.24  $33,682 

Field  Expenses .  7,586.34  16,841 

Grants  of  Literature . 1,212.73  1,820 

Field  Equipment .  400.00  2,000 

Administered  by  Cooperating  States .  15,869.00  27,770 


$45,340.31  $82,113 

Publicity  and  Promotion  (incl.  C.  W.  M.  Exp.) .  7,043.07  13,747 

N.  Y.  Office  and  National  Field  Work .  5,313.10  6,640 


$57,696.48  $102,500 

The  increase  of  $44,803  is  needed,  (a)  to  meet  increased  costs  of 
approximately  $14,800,  and(b)  to  employ  ten  workers  to  fill  vacancies 
and  man  new  fields  in  ten  different  districts. 


10 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


A.  THE  FIELD  OF  CHURCH  EXTENSION 

The  field  of  the  Church  Extension  Boards  is  that  of  regular  church 
work  by  Congregationalists  within  Continental  United  States  including 
Alaska. 

I.  The  Religious  Needs  of  the  United  States 

105,683,000  souls  responsible  to  God  and  their  fellows. 

42,000,000  church  members;  of  these  15,721,815  are  Roman  Catholics, 
including  baptized  children. 

50,000,000  souls  over  nine  years  of  age  are  not  affiliated  with  any  church. 

14,000,000  children  and  youth  in  Protestant  Sunday  Schools. 

27,000,000  Protestants  under  twenty-five  years  of  age  not  in  Sunday 
School. 

808,000  Congregational  church  members  our  working  force. 

728,000  in  Congregational  Sunday  Schools. 

2,500,000  unaffiliated  persons  are  dependent  upon  the  Congregational 
Churches  for  religious  ministry. 

1,350,000  children  and  youth  not  in  Sunday  School  are  dependent 
upon  the  Congregational  Churches. 

To  make  the  Congregational  Churches  effective  in  meeting  these  op¬ 
portunities  and  responsibilities  is  the  business  of  the  Church  Extension 
Boards. 

II.  The  Status  of  the  Congregational  Churches 

Spiritual  forces  cannot  be  weighed  on  the  scales  of  statistics,  never¬ 
theless  “By  their  fruits  ye  shall  know  them.” 

/.  As  to  Strength . 

5,959  churches  January  1st,  1920,  6,103  January  1st,  1915. 

3,664  churches,  or  61%,  report  100  members  or  less. 

2,999  churches,  or  39%,  report  50  members  or  less. 

2,804  churches,  or  47%,  fail  to  report  any  additions  on  confession. 

2.  As  to  Growth. 

98  churches  were  dropped  in  1919;  38  were  added;  net  loss  60. 

The  annual  average  of  new  churches,  1901  to  1913,  was  139. 

In  1914,  90  new  churches;  1915,  96;  1916,  84;  1917,  71;  1918,  59; 
1919,  38. 

The  net  gain  in  members  in  1919  was  144. 

The  net  mss  in  membership  in  1918  was  293. 

The  net  gain  in  ten  years  was  9.2%,  compared  with  14.9%  in  the"gain 
of  population. 

The  Roman  Catholic  gain  in  ten  years  was  10.6%. 

The  total  Protestant  gain  in  ten  years  was  23.4%. 

116,489,  or  14%  of  our  total  membership  is  on  the  absentee  list. 

30,564  names  were  dropped  in  1919,  or  three  times  as  many  as  died. 

There  were  351  fewer  home  missionaries  in  1919  than  in  1914. 

There  were  42  fewer  churches  organized  in  1919  than  in  1914. 

There  were  2,611  fewer  members  received  by  home  mission  churches 
in  1919  than  in  1914. 

It  is  in  the  power  of  the  Church  Extension  Boards  to  reverse  this 
situation  if  given  adequate  resources  in  men  and  money. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


11 


B.  THE  PASTOR 

I.  Some  Sobering  Facts 

There  were  3,413  ministers  serving  churches  in  1919. 

There  were  1,331  charges  without  pastors  January  1st,  1920.  * 

There  were  682  fewer  ministers  serving  churches  in  1919  than  in  1914. 
There  are  about  250  ministers  retired  from  service  annually. 

There  were  107  ordained  in  1919. 

Two- thirds  of  our  home  missionary  pastors  lack  the  ordinary  educa¬ 
tional  preparation  for  the  ministry. 

In  a  western  state  with  40  pastors  only  13  were  found  to  have  entered 
our  ministry  regularly. 

II.  The  Salary  Situation 


PASTORS’  SALARIES  1919 

29.4%  received  Starvation  Salaries — Less  than  $1,000 

47%  of  these  without  Parsonages 

33.7%  received  Enervation  Salaries — $1,000  to  $1,499 

24%  of  these  without  Parsonages 

19.1%  received  Living  Salaries — $1,500  to  $1,999 

34%  of  these  without  Parsonages 

11.5%  received  Handicap  Salaries — $2,000  to  $2,999 

41%  of  these  without  Parsonages 

7%  received  Efficiency  Salaries — $3,000  or  more 

64%  of  these  without  Parsonages 


There  was  practically  no  increase  in  the  average  salary  of  ministers 
in  25  years  preceding  the  war. 

The  total  paid  for  salaries  in  1919,  $5,891,280,  was  but  23%  in  advance 
of  that  of  1915. 

The  cost  of  living  has  risen  85%  or  more  since  1915. 

The  minister  should  have  an  immediate  increase  of  not  less  than 
50%  over  the  pre-war  scale. 

The  janitor  and  church  secretary  have  already  received  increases 
ranging  from  50  to  80%. 

School-teachers  throughout  the  United  States  have  had  an  average 
increase  of  45%  since  the  war. 

The  mean  wage  for  railway  workers  has  increased  86%  since  1914. 

The  mean  wage  for  workers  in  the  steel  industry  has  increased  115% 
since  1914. 

We  are  losing  ministers  by  the  hundreds  to  other  callings. 

In  a  western  state  greatly  needing  pastors  the  minutes  show  38  min¬ 
isters  serving  churches  and  41  not  in  service. 

Recent  reports  from  seventeen  home  missionary  superintendents 
show  forty-five  ministers  turning  away  from  the  pastorate  because  they 
could  not  live  on  the  salaries.  The  occupations  to  which  they  went 
are  as  follows:  four  farmers;  three  carpenters;  three  shipbuilders;  two 
hotel  men;  three  teachers;  two  social  service;  seven  Y.  M.  C.  A.  workers; 


12 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


one  each,  manual  laborer,  manager  Five  and  Ten  Cent  Store,  chicken 
farmer,  machine  shop  worker,  steel  plant  worker,  railroad  shop  man, 
printer,  lumber  mill  man,  grocer,  chief  of  police  and  painter. 

III.  A  New  Day  Is  Dawning 
Adequate  Salaries  Will  Be  Provided 

The  laymen  secured  the  appointment  by  the  National  Council  of  a 
Laymen’s  Commission  on  the  Status  of  the  Ministry. 

This  Commission  is  organizing  laymen’s  committees  in  the  several 
states. 

This  Commission  is  presenting  the  matter  concretely  to  every  church. 

It  plans  personal  conferences  with  trustees  where  salaries  are  inade¬ 
quate  . 

The  Church  Extension  Boards  are  placing  at  the  disposal  of  this  Com¬ 
mission  their  field  force  for  executive  work. 

The  Extension  Boards  are  underwriting  the  expenses  of  this  activity. 

The  budget  herewith  presented  provides  for  this  item. 

An  increase  of  not  less  than  50%  over  1914  is  the  aim. 

$245,000  in  this  budget  is  for  increasing  missionary  pastors’  salaries. 

84%  of  missionary  pastors  receive  less  than  $1,500;  58%  less  than 
$1,200;  34%  less  than  $1,000,  and  17%  less  than  $800. 

The  Extension  Boards  will  share  with  pastors  and  churches  in  providing 
membership  in  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  for  home  missionary  pastors. 

Grading  Up  the  Ministry 

Practical  endeavors  are  making  possible  the  giving  of  a  man’s  job 
to  every  minister. 

Competition  and  overlapping  are  being  eliminated  by  conference 
with  other  denominations. 

The  budget  proposes  adequate  support  for  home  missionary  pastors. 

This  will  grade  up  the  pastorate  all  along  the  line. 

A  minimum  salary  of  $1,500  and  house  for  full  time  is  the  aim. 

In  some  cases  it  must  be  larger.  In  some  parts  of  the  country  a  lower 
stipend  may  be  equivalent. 

Organized  Bands 

A  special  call  is  issued  for  five  bands  of  five  men  each. 

A  Rocky  Mountain  Band  of  five  strong  men. 

A  Montana  Band  of  five  strong  men. 

An  Oklahoma  Band  of  five  strong  men. 

A  Washington  Band  of  five  strong  men. 

A  Dixie  Band  of  five  strong  men. 

These  should  be  willing  to  do  any  worth-while  work.  They  will  be 
guaranteed  a  minimum  salary  of  $1,500  and  house,  together  with  auto 
mobile  and  its  upkeep  where  necessary  to  the  work. 

The  minister  is  the  most  potent  force  in  human  life  in  spite  of  sacrifice 
and  limitations. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


13 


C.  CHURCH  EQUIPMENT 


From  the  1919  Year  Book  the  following  table  is  compiled: 

Value  of  Church  Property 


$100,000  $50,000  to  $10,000  to  $5,000  to  Under 

and  over  $99,999  $49,999  $9,999  $5,000 

New  England .  79  5%  139  8.7%  644  40.5%  347  21.8%  362  24% 

The  East .  49  1.8%  70  7%  347  34.4%  215  21.3%  327  32.4% 

The  Interior .  32  1.8%  60  3.4%  516  29.5%  389  22.3%  746  42.8% 

Rocky  Mts .  None  8  3.6%  50  22.3%  46  21%  116  53% 

Pacific  Coast .  8  2%  13  3%  133  31%  84  20%  192  45% 

The  South .  3  .08%  6  1.5%  66  17%  38  10%  273  70.7% 


171  296  1756  1119  2036 

A  study  of  this  table  shows: 

2,036  churches  report  property  valued  under  $5,000. 

1,119  churches  additional  report  property  less  than  $10,000;  that  is 
3,797  out  of  5,840  churches  or  65%,  report  less  than  $10,000  property. 

$10,000  on  the  average  means  handicap;  that  is,  two  out  of  three  of 
our  churches  are  crippled  by  equipment. 

462  churches  have  no  property. 

2,416  have  no  parsonages,  with  582  others  failing  to  report. 

Debts  are  reported  aggregating  $3,442,256. 

The  Building  aid  has  not  been  sufficient  to  prevent  this  situation. 

To  maintain  this  scale  only,  income  must  be  doubled.  (Because  the 
cost  of  building  has  doubled.) 

The  appropriations  for  twelve  months  ending  August  31st  amounted 
to  $468,138,  or  substantially  the  budget  here  requested. 

Applications  for  aid  aggregating  $354,375  were  on  the  Docket  Septem¬ 
ber  1st  waiting  for  appropriations. 


The  Interest  Grant 

The  present  campaign  makes  no  provision  whatever  for  increasing 
the  loan  funds  of  the  Building  Society.  Desiring  to  use  every  possible 
means  of  assisting  the  churches  in  providing  adequate  equipment,  the 
Society  is  ready  to  try  out  a  new  plan  under  which  the  more  resourceful 
churches  may  be  able  to  secure  loans  from  the  banks  covering  their 
entire  needs,  the  Society  contracting  to  share  with  the  church  in  regular 
reduction  of  the  indebtedness  and  in  meeting  the  interest  charges  while 
the  loan  is  carried,  thus  releasing  loan  funds  needed  for  the  less  resource¬ 
ful  churches.  The  following  vote  was  therefore  passed  by  the  Executive 
Committee. 


In  view  of  the  fact  that  the  budget  of 
the  C.  C.  B.  S.  in  the  Congregational 
World  Movement  cannot  be  increased  suf¬ 
ficiently  to  enlarge  loan  funds,  and  of  the 
further  fact  that  larger  grants  with  no  in¬ 
crease  in  loans  will  not  meet  the  present 
building  demands,  the  C.  C.  B.  S.  an¬ 
nounces  its  readiness  to  cooperate  with  the 
churches  which  are  able  to  negotiate  com¬ 
mercial  loans  under  a  plan  whereby  the 
assistance  to  the  church  will  be  the  same 


as  though  regular  grant  and  loan  were 
made,  the  Society  agreeing  to  make  annual 
payment  for  reducing  the  principal  of  the 
indebtedness  and  to  cover  all  interest  ex¬ 
cept  the  nominal  rate  which  would  have 
been  paid  to  the  Building  Society  had  the 
church  been  granted  a  regular  loan  of  equal 
amount,  and  on  condition  that  the  church 
meet  its  annual  obligation  in  reducing  the 
indebtedness  as  agreed  upon  with  the 
Society. 


14 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


A  Pastor’s  Shack 


Parsonage  Needs 

This  pastor  was  compelled  to 
vacate  the  house  in  which  he  had 
lived.  There  was  no  house  to 
which  he  could  move.  Securing 
two  months’  salary  in  advance  he 
purchased  common  boards  and 
with  his  own  hands  built  this  • 
makeshift  shack,  covering  the 
cracks  and  knot-holes  with  build¬ 
ing  paper.  This  gives  temporary 
shelter  in  summer  for  himself  and 
wife  and  these  two  children.  But 
winter  is  at  hand.  Shall  he  be 
helped  to  get  a  good  house  to  shield 
them  from  wind  and  storm? 

More  than  half  of  our  churches 
have  no  parsonage. 

A  homeless  minister  is  heavily 
handicapped.  His  efficiency  is  im¬ 
paired  and  the  church  suffers,  and 
cannot  do  its  best. 

The  health  and  life  of  the  min¬ 
ister’s  wife  and  children  are  often 
imperiled  by  the  cold,  unsanitary, 
makeshift  buildings  which  they 
have  been  compelled  to  occupy. 

The  Church  Building  Society  has 
helped  to  complete  thirteen  hun¬ 
dred  and  sixty-nine  parsonages  to 
shelter  ministers  and  their  families. 
Thirty-five  of  these  were  built  and 
paid  for  last  year. 


The  appeals  to  the  church  Build¬ 
ing  Society  for  parsonage  aid  are 
constant  and  the  amounts  asked 
for  are  increasing.  In  a  single 
month  twenty-eight  churches  asked 
for  more  than  the  entire  receipts 
for  parsonage  building  last  year. 

No  parsonage  means  perplexity 
and  distress  for  the  minister. 
Some  have  their  rented  houses  sold 
over  their  heads.  Some  have  been 
compelled  to  move  twice,  three 
times,  and  even  four  times  in  a 
year.  Some  have  found  no  place 
for  their  families  but  a  rude  shack, 
or,  a  sodhouse,  or  a  room  over  a 
stable  or  a  store. 

We  should  double  the  efficiency 
of  our  churches  if  we  made  good 
our  motto,  “A  good  home  for  every 
minister.” 


0 


A  Better  Home 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


15 


D.  THE  FIELD  MAN 


By  “Field  Man”  is  meant  one 
whose  services  are  not  confined  to 
a  single  parish.  Such  is  a  superin¬ 
tendent  of  a  state,  district  or  de¬ 
partment,  the  associate  or  assistant 
superintendent,  the  Church  Build¬ 
ing  district  secretary,  the  Sunday 
School  missionary,  the  general  mis¬ 
sionary,  and  itinerant  workers. 

1.  The  Superintendent.  “The 
care  of  all  the  churches”  falls  to 
the  superintendent.  The  affairs  of 
the  state  conference  and  of  the 
local  associations  are  his  concern. 
He  guides  the  actions  of  the  state 
board  and  usually  of  the  several 
committees  of  the  conference.  He 
is  consulted  regarding  the  filling  of 
pulpits.  The  ordination,  installa¬ 
tion,  dismission  and  disciplining  of 
ministers  are  involved  in  his  duties. 
He  is  appealed  to  in  cases  of  diffi¬ 
culties  in  local  churches.  If  life 
languishes  in  a  church  he  takes  the 
initiative  in  discovering  the  diffi¬ 
culty  and  in  finding  the  remedy. 
He  represents  the  denomination  in 
its  relation  with  sister  fellowships. 
He  seeks  to  prevent  overlapping  of 
work  and  to  eliminate  it  when  it 
occurs.  On  this  last  point  one 
superintendent  writes  of  a  typical 
experience : 

“I  think  of  a  night  which  I  spent  at 

- .  I  was  met  by  one  of  the  younger 

members  of  our  church  who  said  that  he 
thought  he  was  the  only  man  in  our 
constituency  who  favored  the  proposed 
union.  I  did  find  a  hostile  atmosphere 
when  I  reached  the  meeting.  However, 
I  was  so  clear  that  the  interests  of  Chris¬ 
tianity  in  the  community  demanded  this 
union  that  I  felt  bound  to  present  the 
matter  as  strongly,  as  tactfully  and  as 
patiently  as  I  could.  So  I  carefully 
read  the  agreement  under  which  the 
union  was  to  be  effected.  This  cleared 
away  a  good  number  of  difficulties.  Then 
I  carefully  and  patiently  answered  ques¬ 
tions.  This  again  disarmed  a  good  deal 
of  opposition.  Then  I  suggested  some 
changes  in  the  agreement  which  while 
not  essentially  altering  its  principles  did 
meet  some  of  the  objections  that  had 
been  raised.  Then  finally  when  the 


time  for  action  had  come,  the  motion 
to  adopt  the  agreement  was  made  and 
seconded  by  the  two  men  who  had 
come  to  the  meeting  for  the  special  pur¬ 
pose  of  securing  its  rejection.  I  felt 
pretty  well  wrung  out  at  the  end  of 
the  evening,  but  the  union  has  continued 
until  this  day  and  has  been  a  decided 
success.” 

In  the  state  referred  to  twenty- 
two  such  unions  or  federations  were 
effected  in  seventeen  months,  re¬ 
sulting  in  a  general  strengthening 
of  the  work  all  along  the  line. 

Our  greatest  loss  is  in  the  small 
churches.  These  are  particularly 
the  charge  of  the  field  man.  Since 
1916  churches  of  1,000  or  over  have 
increased  from  42  to  50;  churches 
of  500  to  1,000  have  increased  from 
210  to  227;  those  of  250  to  500 
have  increased  from  580  to  585; 
those  of  100  to  250  have  decreased 
from  1,475  to  1,435;  those  of  50 
to  100  from  1,467  to  1,365;  those 
of  10  to  50  from  2,038  to  1,978. 
These  decreases  have  crowded  up 
the  number  of  churches  under  ten 
members  from  240  to  321,  while 
the  churches  dropped  as  compared 
with  new  churches  show  a  net  loss 
for  the  denomination  of  126  since 
1916. 

It  is  the  business  of  the  super¬ 
intendent  working  through  his  as¬ 
sociates  and  through  the  pastors 
to  change  this  situation  and  bring 
us  back  to  the  gains  we  were  mak¬ 
ing  before  the  war.  This  he  can 
do  if  given  men  and  money  equal 
to  the  needs.  Millions  of  people 
are  reachable;  the  harvest  is  ripe; 
the  superintendent  prays  for  reap¬ 
ers.  Let  us  join  him. 

The  next  six  pages  illustrate  the 
services  of  the  superintendent  and 
those  working  under  his  direction 
as  field  men  of  different  types. 
These  should  be  multiplied  by 
thousands  and  greatly  diversified 
to  form  a  true  picture  of  the  min¬ 
istries  of  the  fieldman. 


16 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


2.  The  Assistant  Superintend¬ 
ent  and  General  Missionary 

The  assistant  superintendent  is 
pastor  of  all  the  churches  in  his 
district.  When  vacancies  occur, 
they  feel  free  to  call  upon  him  for 
all  kinds  of  services.  He  often 
spends  weeks  with  one  church  as 
acting  pastor.  His  record  of  calls 
runs  up  into  the  hundreds.  The 
number  of  sermons  preached  is 
more  than  that  of  the  average  min¬ 
ister.  He  takes  charge  of  the  Sun¬ 
day  School  as  superintendent, 
teaches  the  Bible  Class,  or  a  class 
of  boys  and  girls. 

He  is  financial  agent  and  assists 
churches  that  are  weak  and  feeble 
or  that  do  not  know  how  to  take 
care  of  themselves.  He  is  big 
brother  to  the  young  minister.  He 
aids  by  his  sympathy  and  counsel 
those  who  are  downhearted  and 
discouraged.  His  services  are  not 
limited  to  home  missionary 
churches.  Weak  self-supporting 
churches  feel  free  to  call  upon  him. 
This  is  often  his  hardest  task. 

Our  general  missionaries  are 
evangelists  and  receive  many  re¬ 
cruits  into  pastorless  churches. 
They  are  experts  in  religious  edu¬ 
cation  and  set  up  a  program  for 
the  year.  They  help  a  church  to 
see  its  own  task.  They  give  the 
faith,  the  courage,  the  vision,  the 
enthusiasm  and  the  devotion  so 
necesary  in  launching  the  program 
of  a  new  organization,  or  for  the 
rehabilitation  of  the  old.  They 
endure  hardship  as  good  soldiers. 

Their  work  takes  them  to  the 
remotest  section  of  our  land.  Their 
travels  average  twenty- five  thou¬ 
sand  miles  a  year.  They  are  at 
home  on  a  limited  train,  three 
times-a-week  local,  a  stage  coach, 
an  automobile,  a  buckboard,  a  two- 
wheel  cart,  on  horseback,  in  a 
sleigh,  on  snowshoes,  afoot,  and  a 
few  have  even  surveyed  their  fields 
by  airplane.  They  are  equally  at 


home  with  the  city  church,  the 
town  or  village  organization,  the 
beginnings  on  the  frontier.  They 
are  familiar  with  the  sod  house,  the 
dugout,  the  mountain  cabin,  or  the 
modern,  up-to-date,  steam-heated, 
electric-lighted,  comfortable  home. 

The  assistant  superintendent  has 
literally  saved  the  day  in  scores  of 
situations  during  the  past  few  years 
when  we  have  experienced  so  ser¬ 
ious  a  shortage  in  our  home  mis¬ 
sionary  leadership. 


Up  the  Rocky  Trail. 


“From  a  western  state  comes  the 
report  of  a  district  of  over  five 
hundred  square  miles  in  which 
there  are  absolutely  no  religious 
services  of  any  kind.  In  this  dis¬ 
trict  there  are  wealthy  ranchers, 
dry  farmers,  apple-men  and  sheep¬ 
men  They  say,  'We  would  be  glad 
to  have  preaching  and  Sunday 
Schools,  but  no  preachers  ever 
come  our  way.’  ” (Survey.) 

In  fifteen  western  states  there 
are  no  less  than  15,000  school  dis¬ 
tricts  without  any  kind  of  religious 
service.  10,000  of  these  are  four 
miles  and  more  removed  from  such 
services. 

“West  of  the  Mississippi  there 
are  needed  five  thousand  new 
churches  with  resident  pastors.” 
(Survey.) 


After  the  Survey  was  in  print  it  appeared  that  the 
sentences  regarding  the  Annuities  for  older  ministers 
needed  further  explanation. 

The  income  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  acts  as 
an  Endowment  of  the  Annuity  Fund,  and  provides  the 
means  under  the  Original  Plan  for  supplementing  the 
annuity  of  $100  which  comes  back  from  the  minister’s 
own  payments. 

An  Old-Age  Annuity  under  the  Expanded  Plan  of 
the  Annuity  Fund  depends  upon  accumulated  credits 
through  annual  payments  by  the  minister,  supplemented 
by  the  income  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund,  continu¬ 
ing  until  the  member  is  sixty-five  years  of  age.  For 
ministers  over  fifty-five  years  of  age,  the  period  remain¬ 
ing  before  annuities  go  into  effect  is  too  short  to  permit 
the  requisite  accumulation. 

$100,000  is  asked  to  help  provide  reasonable  annuities 
for  these  honored  servants  of  the  churches.  The  state¬ 
ment  on  pages  62  and  63  sets  forth  the  need,  and  the 
plan  will  doubtless  meet  a  hearty  response.  We  only 
seek  to  make  amends  in  some  degree  for  the  neglect 
of  previous  years,  that  men  who  have  given  their  lives 
to  the  service  of  the  churches  shall  not  be  deprived  of 
the  advantage  which  would  be  theirs  if  the  noble  plan 
now  devised  had  been  in  operation  when  they  entered 
their  vocation. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


17 


The  Montana  Plan 

Montana  is  a  new  and  growing 
state.  The  census  shows  an  in¬ 
crease  in  population  of  45.6%  com¬ 
pared  with  14.9  for  the  country  as 
a  whole.  In  July  of  1919  the  na¬ 
tional  and  state  field  men  of  nine 
denominations  spent  three  weeks 
together  in  Montana  and  agreed 
that  some  one  of  the  nine  should 
assume  responsibility  for  every  un¬ 
churched  community  in  the  state. 
The  portions  falling  to  Congrega- 
tionalists  are  shown  roughly  on  the 
accompanying  map.  We  mention 
two  fields  as  typical;  one  city  and 
one  rural. 

On  the  south  side  of  Billings 
live  some  6,000  people.  Here  we 
had  a  struggling  church.  This 
territory  was  allocated  to  us.  The 
church  was  poorly  equipped  and 
never  had  adequate  support.  It 
has  been  decided  to  move  to  a  new 
location  and  erect  with  denomina¬ 
tional  assistance  an  adequate  plant 
for  a  community  church  that  shall 
serve  all  the  people  along  all  lines. 
Being  assured  of  no  competition 
from  the  other  denominations  we 
feel  called  upon  to  join  with  the 
people  in  providing  real  leadership 


with  a  good  working  equipment. 

The  other  instance  is  Powder 
River  County,  shown  on  the  map 
in  the  southeast  of  the  state.  It 
comprises  over  3,000  square  miles, 
and  the  population  is  in  excess  of 
5,000.  There  are  seventy  school 
houses  in  the  county,  but  not  a 
single  Protestant  church  building. 
Being  given  the  clear  responsi¬ 
bility  for  this  great  unchurched 
region,  a  minister  has  been  secured 
who  is  willing  to  range  over  its 
wide  expanses.  An  auto  has  been 
secured  and  marked  “Congrega¬ 
tional  Service  Car.”  This  is 
equipped  with  an  electric  gener¬ 
ator,  a  moving  picture  projector 
and  other  requisites  for  a  socio-re¬ 
ligious  ministry.  With  this  car  the 
missionary  visits  the  numerous 
communities ;  preaches ;  organizes 
Sunday  Schools;  visits  the  sick; 
buries  the  dead ;  marries  the  young, 
and  performs  the  usual  ministerial 
services.  But  beyond  this  he  pro¬ 
vides  wholesome  entertainment  for 
the  whole  population;  stimulates 
community  interests  and  makes 
life  worth  living  in  these  isolated 
communities. 

It  is  the  field  man  who  makes 
such  cooperation  possible. 


Every  Community  Service  Endeavor, 


Nine  denominations 
co-operate  inadequate 
religious  ministiy  to  every 
community  in  Montana 


Shaded  areas  assigned  to  Cogregationalists. 
Eight  other  denominations  assume  responsibility 
for  unshaded  portions, 
t « Congregational  Churches 


An  example  of- 
Interdenominational 
Cooperation. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


18 


JPOWDER  RIVER  PARISH  IN  PICTURES 


A  Contrast  in  Equipment 


The  City  minister  has  a  great 
plant,  Mr.  Waters  has  only  the 
“Congregational  Service  Car”  for 


ministry  to  5,000  people,  with  no 
church  building  in  his  parish  of 
3,000  sq.  miles. 


A  Parish  Call  Powder  River  County,  Montana, 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


19 


POWDER  RIVER  PARISH  IN  PICTURES 


In  Montana — 115  Miles  From  a  Railway 


Here  are  children  who  have  never 
seen  a  movie  and  never  attended  a 
Sunday  School  until  The  Service 
Car  brought  them  both  in  1920. 


This  is  one  of  the  results  of  the 
Montana  Plan  of  interdenomina¬ 
tional  co-operation. 


Sand  Creek  S.  S.,  Mont.  (Organized  June  6,  1920.) 


20 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


In  the  Dry  Farming  Country 

Since  the  return  of  soldiers  from 
the  war,  hundreds  of  boys  who 
came  back  from  “over  there”  have 
taken  up  ranches  in  Wyoming, 
Montana,  Idaho  and  other  states. 
There  is  a  typical  homesteader’s 
claim,  adjacent  to  one  of  our  chur¬ 
ches,  forty  miles  from  the  rail¬ 
road,  in  an  absolutely  new  land 
where  everything  must  be  done 
from  digging  the  well  to  stretching 
the  fence,  building  the  claim  shack, 
and  gathering  a  few  head  of  stock 
to  start  things  going.  The  farmer 
is  typical  of  hundreds — a  college 
graduate,  versatile,  capable,  accus¬ 
tomed  to  go  to  church.  The  only 
way  to  meet  this  growing  need  is 
through  the  home  missionary  who 
is  equipped  with  an  automobile. 

3.  The  Sunday  School  Mission¬ 
ary 

The  Sunday  School  missionary 
is  more  often  than  not  the  same 
man  as  the  general  missionary  or 
the  assistant  superintendent.  His 
functions  are  to  gather  new  Sunday 
Schools;  reorganize  disbanded  Sun¬ 
day  Schools;  strengthen  weak  and 
struggling  Sunday  Schools;  provide 
Sundav  School  literature  where 

xJ 

needed  and  to  cooperate  with  the 


field  men  of  the  Education  Society 
in  its  religious  education  program. 

An  average  of  about  two  Sunday 
Schools  a  week  are  being  organized 
by  these  missionaries.  The  last 
report  shows  657  mission  schools 
and  24,471  pupils. 

The  need  of  this  work  is  evident 
when  it  is  known  that  there  are 
27,000,000  under  twenty-five  years 
of  age  in  the  United  States  who  are 
not  connected  with  any  Sunday 
School  and  have  no  regular  re¬ 
ligious  education. 

“There  are  500,000  children  in 
Washington  state  not  in  any  Sun¬ 
day  School.” 

“There  are  people  in  this  state 
who  do  not  have  a  sermon  once  a 
year  unless  we  hold  schoolhouse 
services.  One  man  rowed  his  wife 
and  two  boys  across  a  wide,  swift¬ 
running  river  and  back  in  the  dark, 
to  get  to  a  schoolhouse  meeting 
three  miles  down  the  stream  on  the 
other  side.  Only  once  in  twenty 
years  had  his  wife  been  where  she 
could  worship  in  a  place  dedicated 
to  God.” 

“There  are  children  thirteen 
years  old  who  live  in  places  so 
godless  that  they  do  not  know 
what  a  Sunday  School  is  when 
asked  if  they  want  one.” 


Three  Years  Old  and  60  Miles  From  Sunday  School 
Shall  We  Give  Him  a  Chance? 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


21 


The  Trinity  County  Sunday 
School  Parish 


The  Weaverville  Congregational 
Church  is  the  only  Protestant 
church  in  Trinity  County,  Calif., 
a  territory  two-thirds  the  size  of 
the  State  of  Connecticut.  There 
is  not  a  Sunday  School  in  the 
county  apart  from  those  that  have 
been  organized  by  our  Sunday 
School  extension  representative. 
In  addition  to  Weaverville  the  fol¬ 
lowing  points  are  under  our  mis¬ 
sionary  pastor's  care,  with  the 
number  of  miles  distant  from 
Weaverville: 


Douglas  City  .  7  miles 

Hayfork  . 27  “ 

Ruth  . 72  “ 

Hyampom  . 43  “ 

Junction  City  . 10  “ 

Burnt  Ranch  about . 45  “ 

Lewiston  . 14  “ 

French  Gulch  . 30  “ 

Trinity  Center  about  ...  .35  “ 

Carrville  . 43  “ 

In  going  to  Burnt  Ranch  and 
Hyampom  one  has  to  go  by  trail, 


either  on  foot  or  horseback,  for 
the  last  ten  or  twenty  miles.  The 
nearest  railroad  is  at  Redding, 
about  fifty-five  miles  from  Weav¬ 
erville. 

4,  The  Itinerant  Worker 

“A  million  and  a  half  seasonal 
workers — harvest  men,  loggers, 
sheep-shearers,  cannery  workers — 
have  been  wholly  neglected  by  the 
church.” 

There  are  100,000  lumbermen  in 
the  woods  of  the  Northwest  with¬ 
out  religious  and  social  ministry. 
If  I.  W.  W.  doctrines  are  false  they 
wait  to  be  shown. 

Recognizing  that  the  lumber 
camps  present  an  especially  ne¬ 
glected  field,  we  have  attempted  to 
face  the  problem  seriously.  A  be¬ 
ginning  was  made  this  last  sum¬ 
mer  when  the  Home  Missionary 

%/ 

Society  sent  four  theological  stu¬ 
dents  to  the  lumber  camps,  the  men 
working  for  wages  while  there. 
That  the  men  should  be  sent  to  the 
camps  as  day  laborers  rather  than 
as  commissioned  missionaries  is  an 
experiment  we  are  convinced  was 
worth  trying.  One  man  went  from 
Yale  and  three  from  Union  Semi¬ 
nary.  All  report  experiences  that 
will  have  a  decided  bearing,  not 
only  upon  the  future  of  the  men 
themselves  in  their  relation  to  the 
ministry  but  also  upon  the  wisest 
method  of  approach  to  the  problem 
of  the  migrant  worker. 


Frontier  Post  Office 


22 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


Lumber  Camp  Bunk  House 


One  of  the  students  reports  that 
he  found  himself  a  part  of  the  sum¬ 
mer  in  a  bunk  house  with  forty 
other  men,  and  the  only  ventila¬ 
tion  was  two  small  doors  and  two 
small  windows.  There  were  but 
two  oil  lamps  to  furnish  light  in 
the  evenings  for  the  forty  men.  No 
provision  whatever  was  made  for 
baths  or  for  washing  clothes.  The 
only  way  the  men  could  take  a 
bath  was  to  find  an  old  tin  can  and 
build  a  fire  by  the  side  of  some 
stream.  Moving  to  another  camp, 


he  found  conditions  much  better. 
There  were  shower  baths,  an  up- 
to-date  bunkhouse,  well  ventilated 
and  lighted  by  electricity. 

Life  histories  of  lumber  camp 
workers  were  discovered,  genuine 
friendships  were  formed,  an  in¬ 
sight  into  the  psychology  of  the 
I.  W.  W.  was  gained,  and  alto¬ 
gether  the  experience  proved  ex¬ 
ceedingly  valuable  in  suggesting  a 
method  of  approach  to  this  per¬ 
plexing  problem. 


In  Camp 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


23 


Hall  and  Church,  Rothiemay,  Mont. 


Student  Supplies 

Each  year  the  Home  Missionary 
Society  sends  out  students  to  serve 
churches  in  the  West.  Two  pur¬ 
poses  are  accomplished:  first, 
churches  that  otherwise  would  be 
vacant  have  regular  services 
through  the  summer  months;  sec¬ 
ond,  students  looking  toward  the 
ministry  are  given  an  opportunity 
for  actual  experience.  In  1920 
over  thirty  students  were  sent  out, 
chiefly  to  the  prairie  and  mountain 
states.  As  most  of  the  students 
serve  more  than  one  church,  it  is 
safe  to  say  that  at  least  sixty 
churches  received  the  inspiration 
of  the  leadership  of  these  young 
men. 

One  served  a  church  in  a  town  of 
three  hundred  where  services  had 
been  closed  for  months.  Under  his 
leadership  the  people  rallied  so  well 
that  they  not  only  paid  him  his 
entire  salary  but  have  offered  to 
pay  his  expenses  from  New  York 
to  North  Dakota  if  he  will  go  back 
for  the  holidays. 

Another  served  for  the  second 
time  a  field  in  Montana.  Here  he 


had  the  use  of  a  home  missionary 
car,  preaching  regularly  at  four 
different  points.  -There  are  two 
church  buildings  in  this  circuit. 
This  is  a  great  dry  farming  section 
at  the  foot  of  the  Snowy  Range, 
Central  Montana.  The  people  of 
this  section  say  that  Rothiemay 
is  “not  a  place,  it  is  a  state  of 
mind.”  However,  they  have  a  gen¬ 
eral  store,  a  schoolhouse  and  a 
church.  Under  the  Montana  sur¬ 
vey,  this  great  territory  is  assigned 
to  Congregationalists.  It  is  for  us 
to  send  a  leader  to  people  eager  to 
receive  him. 

5.  The  Present  Force 

For  the  three  Societies  there  are 
now  98  field  men  and  women. 
Of  these,  seven  are  in  the  national 
offices;  ten  are  national  field  work¬ 
ers;  thirty-two  are  superintendents 
of  states,  districts  and  departments, 
and  49  are  assistant  superinten¬ 
dents  and  general  missionaries,  in¬ 
cluding  Sunday  School  workers. 

It  is  to  maintain  this  force  and 
to  furnish  them  resources  in  men 
and  money  that  the  budgets  of  the 
Extension  Board  are  presented. 


24 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


E .  Evangelism 

By  “Evangelism”  is  meant  all 
the  processes  by  which  people  are 
led  to  become  Christians  and  unite 
with  the  church.  Here  it  includes 
also  those  spiritual  exercises  cal¬ 
culated  to  deepen  the  spiritual  life 
such  as  united  prayer  which  is  pro¬ 
moted  by  the  Commission  on 
Evangelism. 

The  Church  Extension  Boards 
are  not  wholly  responsible  for  the 
program  of  evangelism  which-  is  a 
broader  agency,  but  aid  is  given 
to  the  Commission  just  as  to  mis¬ 
sionary  churches.  Moreover  the 
Extension  force  is  the  executive 
agency  for  advancing  the  denomi¬ 
national  program  of  evangelism. 

Training  conferences  for  field 
workers,  and  pastors  are  planned 
and  financed  by  the  Boards.  So 
also  the  organizing  and  guiding  of 
committees  on  evangelism  of  the 

associations  and  conferences  is 
largely  the  work  of  the  field  force. 
Thus  the  support  of  the  Extension 
Boards  involves  the  support  of  the 
evangelistic  endeavors  of  the  de¬ 
nomination. 

The  war  and  the  influenza  epi¬ 
demics  are  responsible  for  the  fact 
that  of  the  five  items  in  the  Ter¬ 
centenary  Program,  the  second, 
which  called  upon  the  denomina¬ 
tion  to  add  500,000  members  in  five 
years,  was  the  outstanding  failure 
of  the  program.  The  number  of 
additions  run  as  follows:  1915,  70,- 
026;  1916,  68,259;  1917,  65,734; 
1918,  51,372;  1919,  59,922.  1920 

indications  are  for  a  return  to  the 
larger  numbers. 

Other  items  which  give  concern 
regard  absentees,  dropped  members 
and  the  preponderance  of  additions 
by  letter  rather  than  on  confession 


of  faith.  Here  are  the  figures: 
Number  of  absentees  in  1919,  116,- 
489;  number  dropped  in  ten  years, 
250,221;  number  of  deaths,  99,211; 
that  is,  for  100  deaths,  250  spir¬ 
itual  deaths.  In  ten  years  263, 
274  were  added  by  letter;  191,474 
were  dismissed  by  letter;  that  is, 
other  denominations  transferred  to 
us  71,800  more  members  than  we 
transferred  to  them.  Our  total 
gain  in  the  same  ten  years  was 
77.548,  so  that  all  but  5,748  came 
from  other  denominations. 

Since  1918  the  Commission  on 
Evangelism  has  had  an  employed 
secretary,  Rev.  F.  L.  Fagley,  D.D., 
who  has  been  gathering  the  facts 
about  the  situation,  and  at  the 
same  time  bringing  together  the  re¬ 
ports  of  successful  endeavors  and 
methods,  and  passing  on  to  all  the 
churches  the  findings  of  the  Com¬ 
mission  from  these  studies.  This 
has  resulted  in  the  issuing  of  “A 
Program  of  Pastoral  Evangelism” 
and  other  helps,  including  an  an¬ 
nual  prayer  ^calendar  for  the  pre- 
Easter  season  and  other  practical 
helps.  It  is  doubtless  due  to  these 
endeavors  that  we  have  been  able 
to  show  a  slight  gain  in  member¬ 
ship  when  other  denominations 
were  losing  in  large  numbers.  The 
tide  has  now  turned  in  the  right 
direction.  This  program  calls  for 
$15,000  with  which  to  maintain 
this  work. 

Furthermore  the  action  of  the 
National  Council  in  constituting  the 
Commission  of  the  Congregational 
World  Movement  stipulated  that 
one  of  the  chief  objectives  of  the 
commission  should  be  to  further  the 
work  of  winning  men  to  the  stand¬ 
ard  of  Jesus  Christ.  This  has  been 
sought  through  reinforcing  the  ac¬ 
tivities  of  the  Commission  on 
Evangelism.  Attention  is  called  to 
“the  year-around  church-wide  pro¬ 
gram  of  Evangelism”  outlined  on 
page  48  of  the  1919  Year  Book. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


25 


WHERE  58  MILLIONS  UNCHURCHED 
PROTESTANT  AMERICANS  RESIDE 


ALABAMA 

ARIZONA 

ARKANSAS 

CALIFORNIA 

COLORADO 

CONNECTICUT 

DELAWARE 

D.  C. 

FLORIDA 

GEORGIA 

IDAHO 

ILLINOIS 

INDIANA 

IOWA 

KANSAS 

KENTUCKY 

LOUISIANA 

MAINE 

MARYLAND 

MASSACHUSETTS 

MICHIGAN 

MINNESOTA 

MISSISSIPPI 

MISSOURI 

MONTANA 

NEBRASKA 

NEVADA 

NEW  HAMPSHIRE 
NEW  JERSEY 
NEW  MEXICO 
NEW  YORK 
N.  CAROLINA 
N.  DAKOTA 
OHIO 

OKLAHOMA 

OREGON 

PENNSYLVANIA 

RHODE  ISLAND 

S.  CAROLINA 

S.  DAKOTA 

TENNESSEE 

TEXAS 

UTAH 

VERMONT 

VIRGINIA 

WASHINGTON 

W.  VIRGINIA 

WISCONSIN 

WYOMING 


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Totals:  Catholics  17.049.000  Jews  3,387,200  Other  Non-Prot  739,700 


CATHOLIC 


JEWISH 


includes 

children 


Protestants  24,354,300  Not  members  of  any  church  58, 1 10,100 

PERSONS 

OTHER  NON  PROTESTANT  CHILDREN  °!^  CHILDREN 

: 


PROTESTANT  CHURCH  MEMBERS  under  loyears  Not  members 
includes  ONLY  _  o*  age  in  ol  any  church 

children  Protestant  church  homes 


under  10  years 
ot  age  in 

Unchurched  homes 


This  chart  is  taken  from  the  Sur¬ 
vey  of  the  Interchurch  World 
Movement,  and  was  compiled  from 
the  census  of  religious  bodies  of  the 
United  States  Bureau  of  Census, 
1916.  The  sections  marked  with 


perpendicular  lines  represent  the 
50,000,000  persons  over  nine  years 
of  age  nominally  Protestant,  but 
members  of  no  church,  and  show 
graphically  the  evangelistic  task  of 
the  churches  in  America. 


26 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


F.  The  City 

In  1800  we  had  but  six  large 
cities,  having  a  total  population  of 
210,873.  In  1910  we  had  1,230 
cities  of  more  than  5,000  each,  with 
a  total  population  of  38,507,727. 
The  census  of  1920  shows  that  over 
54,000,000  of  our  105,500,000  peo¬ 
ple  in  Continental  U.  S.,  that  is 
more  than  half  of  the  American 
people,  live  in  cities. 


the  task.  There  should  be  an  im¬ 
pressive  place  of  worship  and  a 
parish-house  adapted  to  com¬ 
munity  service  and  equipped  for 
educational,  social  and  recreational 
ministries. 

The  extraordinary  cost  of  land  in 
the  city  and  the  high  cost  of  labor 
and  material  overtax  the  local  re¬ 
sources.  The  new  city  church  must 
have  generous  help  if  it  is  to  be 
equipped  for  its  great  task. 


The  Children  of  the  City 


One-tenth  of  the  total  population 
of  the  United  States  live  in  three 
cities — New  York,  Philadelphia 
and  Chicago. 

We  must  save  the  cities  to  save 
America.  The  church  must  meet 
the  perils  and  problems  of  the  city 
by  exalting  American  ideals  and 
getting  the  principles  and  spirit  of 
Christ  into  the  life  of  the  people. 

The  city  church  building  should 
be  noble,  attractive  and  fitted  for 


The  city  is  a  great  polyglot  com¬ 
munity — all  races,  colors,  lan¬ 
guages,  characters  mixed  together. 
The  greatest  wealth  and  the  great¬ 
est  poverty  are  side  by  side.  The 
church  is  a  beacon  of  brotherhood 
showing  the  essential  unity  of  all 
these  classes.  It  points  the  way 
to  the  best  life  and  exemplifies  it. 
It  will  save  the  city  by  ennobling 
the  life  of  the  people. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


27 


Los  Angeles,  Mt.  Hollywood  Children  at  the  Parish  House.  Shall  We  Build 

the  Church? 


The  children  are  the  hope  of  the 
city.  They  are  to  be  the  makers 
of  America  in  the  coming  years. 
The  church  must  be  equipped  for 
moulding  character. 

To  take  a  typical  case  in  Los 
Angeles,  Cal.,  a  city  of  more  than 
half  a  million  people,  the  Church 
Building  Society  has  helped  secure 
the  first  unit  of  a  grgat  church 
plant  to  meet  the  needs  of  the  hun¬ 
dreds  of  children  and  their  elders 
that  swarm  to  their  doors  at  Mt. 
Hollywood. 

More  than  a  thousand  growing 
cities,  with  populations  ranging 
from  5,000  to  more  than  5,000,000 
must  have  modern  church  equip¬ 
ment,  if  we  are  to  leaven  America 
with  Christian  ideals. 

In  Cleveland,  a  city  of  nearly 
a  million  people,  we  have  thirty- 
six  Congregational  Churches.  They 


are  for  all  classes  and  several  dif¬ 
ferent  nationalities.  At  Denison 
Ave.  a  great  institutional  plant  has 
been  secured  by  the  help  of  the 
Building  Society,  and  it  ministers  to 
a  multitude  of  those  of  moderate 
means.  This  is  but  one  of  the  many 
Cleveland  churches  which  have 
found  aid  from  the  society  neces¬ 
sary  to  their  life. 

Appeals  from  thirty-five  churches 
in  cities  of  5,000  or  more  people 
are  now  being  made  to  the  Church 
Building  Society  for  its  assistance. 
In  many  of  these  places  the  situa¬ 
tion  is  critical. 

Just  as  the  city  requires  an  ade¬ 
quate  plant  so  it  must  have  com¬ 
manding  leadership.  The  scale  of 
home  missionary  work  adapted  to 
previous  generations  of  rural  Amer¬ 
ica  will  not  meet  the  challenge  of 
the  big  city. 


28 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


Gains  and  Losses  in  20  Cities 


Chs. 

Chs. 

Mbrs. 

Mbrs. 

% 

% 

City 

Dr’p’d 

Ad’d 

1910 

1920 

Gain 

Loss 

Census 

New  York . 

....  6 

9 

23,553 

24,392 

839 

3.5 

17.9 

Chicago  . 

....16 

8 

15,178 

14,908 

270 

—1.07 

23.6 

Boston . 

1 

13,916 

16,816 

2,900 

20.8 

11.5 

Cleveland  . 

....  3 

O 

«J 

8,279 

9,171 

892 

10.7 

42.1 

New  Haven  . . . 

....  2 

6,774 

6,062 

712 

—10.5 

21.5 

Minneapolis  . . . 

2 

6,697 

7,464 

767 

11.4 

26.2 

San  Francisco . . 

....  3 

4 

5,788 

6,930 

1,142 

19.7 

21.9 

Los  Angeles. .  . . 

....  2 

10 

4,061 

5.548 

1,487 

36.6 

80.4 

Seattle  . 

3 

3.230 

3,982 

752 

23.1 

33 

Denver  . 

....  4 

4 

3,293 

3,216 

77 

—2.3 

20.2 

Providence  . . . . 

....  4 

4,537 

3,958 

579 

—14.6 

.059 

Detroit  . 

2 

2,964 

4,380 

1,416 

47.7 

113.3 

Washington  . . . 

1 

2,869 

3,880 

1,011 

35.2 

32.1 

Portland,  Me... 

2,818 

3,062 

244 

8.6 

St.  Louis . 

....  3 

3,518 

2,932 

586 

—16.3 

12.5 

Portland,  Ore.. . 

. .  . .  1 

7 

2,059 

2,967 

908 

44.1 

24.6 

Milwaukee  . . . . 

....  4 

1 

1,833 

1,544 

289 

—15.2 

22.2 

Des  Moines. . . . 

....  3 

1,462 

1,427 

35 

—2.4 

46.4 

Omaha . 

....  2 

1 

1,190 

1,574 

384 

33.2 

54.3 

Dallas  . 

. .  . .  1 

2 

791 

754 

37 

—4.6 

72.6 

54 

58 

114,810 

124,977 

12,742 

2,585 

It  will  be  observed  that  of  the 
20  cities,  12  show  gains  and  8 
losses;  that  is,  40%  are  losing 
ground  in  the  larger  cities.  In 
fairness  it  should  be  said  that  often 
the  loss  in  the  city  proper  is  made 
up  in  the  gain  of  resident  suburbs. 
For  example,  if  the  entire  Chicago 
Association  be  taken,  a  gain  in 
membership  is  shown  of  3,314,  or 
15%.  After  all  is  allowed  for, 
however,  it  remains  true  that  we 
are  not  keeping  up  with  the  popula¬ 
tion  in  the  cities.  Note  the  per¬ 
centage  of  gains  in  population 
compared  with  membership.  The 
property  cost  is  the  big  obstacle. 
We  must  think  of  Church  Building 
aid  in  larger  terms  if  we  are  to 
meet  the  challenge  of  the  cities. 

Department  of  City  Work 

In  view  of  the  importance  of  work 
in  the  cities  the  Extension  Boards 
maintain  a  Director  of  City  Work, 
who  gives  his  attention  to  three 
lines  of  service,  the  planting  of 
churches,  the  closing  out  of 


churches  and  advising  with  those 
responsible  for  work  in  the  cities. 

Under  the  first  class,  Rev.  L.  H. 
Rovce  as  Director,  has  given  him¬ 
self  to  the  planting  in  new  com¬ 
munities  of  new  churches,  in  which 
work  he  has  settled  down  for  a 
number  of  months,  first  in  one  city 
and  then  in  another,  until  the 
people  were  organized;  the  equip¬ 
ment  secured,  and  a  pastor  ready  to 
go  forward  with  the  work. 

Mr.  Royce  has  been  instrumental 
in  closing  out  just  about  as  many 
churches  as  he  has  organized  new 
ones.  This  is  done  after  careful  and 
extended  study  of  the  field,  in  which 
Mr.  Royce  serves  as  pastor  through 
an  extended  time.  In  this  way  con¬ 
siderable  amounts  of  money  are 
conserved  for  work  where  it  is 
actually  needed. 

Out  of  these  practical  experiences 
the  Director  of  City  Work  gleans  a 
fund  of  information  regarding  prin¬ 
ciples,  policies  and  plans  that  is 
invaluable  to  the  leaders  in  scores 
of  cities  which  have  sought  his  ad¬ 
vice. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


29 


G.  The  Country 

The  new  rural  life  is  with  us. 
Government  activity,  especially  in 
agricultural  colleges  with  their 
many  lines  of  extension  work,  is 
both  a  result  and  a  cause.  The 
Chautauqua,  the  lyceum,  the  open 
forum,  the  community  center 
movement  are  associated  pheno¬ 
mena. 

The  rightful  place  of  the  rural 
church  is  that  of  inspirer  and  guide 
in  this  movement.  The  problems 
of  the  country  are  essentially  spir¬ 
itual  problems.  Questions  of 
health,  education,  community  wel¬ 
fare,  industrial  cooperation  are 
questions  of  ideals  born  of  spiritual 
motives. 

To  meet  the  new  rural  life  a  new 
rural  church  is  a  necessity.  This 
new  church  has  made  its  appear¬ 
ance  all  over  the  country.  In  line 
with  this  fact  the  Extension  Boards 


cooperate  with  local  communities 
in  establishing  country  churches 
calculated  to  meet  the  new  de¬ 
mands.  These  churches  are  fre¬ 
quently  called  demonstration  sta¬ 
tions  because  they  are  intended 
not  alone  to  minister  to  particular 
communities  but  to  establish  a  type 
which  shall  be  followed  throughout 
the  land. 

A  demonstration  station  calls 
for  three  things  particularly:  (a) 
effective  leadership;  (b)  adequate 
physical  equipment;  (c)  a  compre¬ 
hensive  program. 

The  country  church  should  pro¬ 
vide  not  alone  for  worship,  but  for 
religious  education  and  community 
service,  such  as  is  suggested  in  the 
accompanying  “Program  of  a  Com¬ 
munity  Church.”  The  equipment 
should  ordinarily  provide  for  ath¬ 
letic  and  entertainment  features, 
rest-room,  dining-room,  kitchen, 
and  frequently,  some  dispensary 


Program  of  a  Community  Church 

x — Already  started, 
o — Can  be  started  when  backing  is 
assured, 
y — Desired. 

Religious  Activities 
x  Morning  Service 
x  Evening  Community  Service 
x  Enlarged  Sunday  School 
x  Motor  Transport  Corps 
x  Home  Department 
x  Mission  Study  in  Sunday 
School 

x  Parish  Work  in  “No  Man’s 
Land” 

Economic  Activities 
o  Farm  Cooperation 
o  Canning  Clubs 
o  Community  Kitchen 
Educational  Acti  ities 
x  Nature  Study  Club 
o  Sewing  School 
x  Home  Economics  Classes 
y  Singing  School 
y  Lecture  Courses 
y  Enlarged  Village  Library 
Recreational  Activities 
x  Moving  Pictures 
Sports 


x  Baseball 
o  Volley  Ball 
o  Tennis 
o  Game  Room 
y  Dramatics 
o  Community  Picnics 
Industrial  Activities 
o  Hartland  “Home  Shops” 
Public  Health  Activities 
y  Village  Water  Supply 
x  Home  Nursing  Courses 
o  Health  Lectures 
o  Hot  School  Lunches 
x  Training  Nursing  Outfit 
Young  People’s  Work 
x  Boy  Scouts 
o  Junior  Scouts 
y  Camp  Fire  Girls 
y  Junior  Fire  Girls 
Village  Improvement  Activities 
x  Village  Water  Supply 
y  Care  Church  Premises 
y  Care  Cemetery 
y  Care  Door-yards 
General  Activities 
y  Rest-room  and  Lavatory 
y  Special  Observances 
x  Community  Xmas  Tree 
x  Memorial  Day 
y  Old  Home  Week 


30 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


service.  The  automobile,  with  re-  picture  projectors,  is  almost  a  re¬ 
quisites  for  socio-religious  service,  cessity;  surely  so  where  outlying 
such  as  stereopticon  and  moving  regions  require  ministry. 


Larger  Parish  Plans 

Collbran,  Colorado,  is  one  of  the 
Demonstration  Parishes. 

In  the  village  of  Collbran  are 
300  people:  in  Plateau  Valley, 
twenty  miles  long  by  six  wide, 
4,000  people.  In  this  fertile,  irri¬ 
gated  valley  ours  is  the  only  church 
at  the  center. 

There  are  fourteen  outstations  of 
our  church  from  two  to  fifteen 
miles  from  the  center.  Services  are 
held  by  our  Collbran  pastors  in 
schoolhouses  or  little  churches. 

They  reach  these  outstations  by 
a  parish  car,  with  electric  gener¬ 
ator,  and  a  moving  picture  ma¬ 
chine. 

A  Parish  house  is  now  being 
added  to  the  church,  with  ample 
rooms  for  community  services,  class 
rooms,  rest  rooms  for  farmers  and 
their  wives,  a  gymnasium,  kitchen 
and  dining-room  for  banquets, 
moving  picture  apparatus  and  ten¬ 
nis  courts  outside. 

The  ranchmen  and  farmers  and 


villagers  of  Plateau  Valley  are  con¬ 
tributing  generously  toward  this 
new  community  plant.  They  will 
give  $10,000  or  more  to  make  this 
ideal  a  reality. 

They  ask  the  Church  Building 
Society  for  $7,000.  Of  this  $4,000 
is  to  be  a  grant  and  $3,000  a  loan. 

The  Extension  Boards  are  aid¬ 
ing  another  Demonstration  Parish 
at  Star,  N.  C.  The  center  will  be 
our  “Country  Life  School”  at  Star, 
with  its  property  worth  $40,000. 

There  are  several  outstations 
reached  from  this  center,  including 
four  Congregational  churches 
which  have  buildings. 

The  parish  car,  with  electric 
generator,  moving  picture  outfit, 
and  baby  organ,  enable  our  min¬ 
isters  to  interest  the  people  at  these 
various  points,  as  well  as  at  the 
school  center  with  its  church. 

Montrose,  Colorado,  has  another 
larger  parish  of  great  importance. 
Here  is  a  little  city  of  3,400  peo¬ 
ple.  The  field  is  eighteen  miles 
long  by  nine  miles  wide.  There 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


31 


Collbran.  Colo..  Congregational  Church  and  Parish  House 


are  seven  outstations,  from  three 
to  five  miles  away. 

Our  modern  church  and  parish 
house  make  a  social  center  for  the 
hundreds  of  people  on  the  farms 
and  ranches  in  this  great  field.  A 
modern  church  school,  an  up-to- 
date  pulpit,  and  a  first  rate  recre¬ 
ational  outfit  give  the  gospel  mes¬ 


sage  new  force  in  that  valley  on 
the  western  slope  of  the  Rockies. 

Hundreds  of  country  churches  all 
over  our  land  need  just  such  com¬ 
munity  service.  Many  of  them  are 
dying  because  of  the  “one-cell 
building,”  and  a  perfunctory  serv- 
vice.  We  must  help  them  to  a 
broader  program  and  a  complete 
equipment. 


Collbran,  Colo.,  Floor  Plans 


32  CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


Nazarene  Congregational  Church,  Brooklyn,  New  York 


H.  The  Negro 

The  Negro  migration  has  brought 
to  the  North  during  recent  years 
about  half  a  million  colored  people 
from  southern  states. 

They  have  gone  chiefly  to  the 
cities,  especially  to  New  York, 
Chicago,  Detroit,  and  Cleveland. 
They  seek  social  and  political  jus¬ 
tice,  and  a  better  chance  for  them¬ 
selves  and  their  families. 

The  allurements  and  vices  of  the 
city  bring  their  own  peculiar  perils 
to  these  migrants.  These  must  be 
counteracted  by  spiritual  forces  as 
provided  by  the  churches. 

Greater  New  York  has  280,000 
of  these  people,  making  this  the 
largest  Negro  urban  population  on 
earth.  Only  80,000  of  them  are 
churched,  leaving  in  the  city  more 
unchurched  Negroes  than  in  any 
other  city  in  the  world. 

Brooklyn  has  60,000  of  these 
Negroes  with  church  accommoda¬ 
tion  for  only  5,000. 

Dr.  Henry  H.  Proctor,  pastor  of 
the  Nazarene  church,  whose  mem¬ 
bership  has  doubled  in  six  months, 
proposes  to  make  this  a  church 


center,  with  a  plant  covering  an 
entire  block.  This  will  include  a 
modern  house  of  worship,  seating 
2,000  or  more;  a  large  parish  house, 
including  rooms  for  social  worship; 
an  up-to-date  Sunday  School;  a 
gymnasium,  a  dining  hall,  a  roof 
garden,  a  dispensary,  and  a  day 
nurserv.  There  is  to  be  a  home  for 
young  women,  and  another  for 
young  men.  There  are  also  to  be 
model  tenements  for  homes  and 
first  class  business  houses.  The 
plant  calls  for  more  than  a  million 
dollars. 

Rev.  Harold  M.  Kingsley,  direc¬ 
tor  of  work  in  colored  churches  in 
the  north,  says  the  points  of  chief 
importance  for  our  work  because  of 
great  numbers  of  negroes  are,  first, 
New  York;  second,  Chicago;  third, 
Detroit.  He  is  himself  developing 
an  institutional  church  in  Detroit. 

In  eleven  states  in  the  South 
where  we  have  colored  churches 
there  are  152  church  organizations, 
with  a  total  membership  of  10,044, 
and  with  15,328  enrolled  in  the 
Sunday  Schools.  Five  field  men 
are  at  work  in  six  of  these  states 
developing  Sunday  Schools. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


33 


/.  The  New  American 

At  this  writing  the  census  figures 
on  the  immigrant  population  have 
not  been  announced  for  1920. 
These  figures  will  doubtless  show 
between  sixteen  and  seventeen  mil¬ 
lions  of  foreign-born  persons  living 
within  the  United  States,  and 
something  over  twenty  millions  of 
foreign  extraction. 

The  tide  of  emigration  which 
was  checked,  and  practically 
stopped,  during  the  war  has  set  in 
again  and  the  indications  are  that 
the  high  tide  reached  just  before 
the  war  will  soon  be  passed  in  the 
number  of  immigrants  arriving  on 
our  shores.  In  the  words  of  the 
Commissioner  of  Immigration, 
“Between  3,000,000  and  4,000,000 
Italians  are  seeking  domiciles  and 
citizenship  here,  and  more  than 
3,000,000  Poles  want  to  come  over.” 
In  varying  degree  similar  situa¬ 
tions  exist  in  many  of  the  Euro¬ 
pean  countries,  particularly  of  the 
South  and  the  East  of  Europe. 

Approximately  one- fourth  of  the 
children  of  the  United  States  now 
live  in  homes  of  foreign-born  peo¬ 
ple.  According  to  the  Interchurch 
survey  some  1,500  publications  in 
foreign  languages,  with  approxi¬ 
mately  8,000,000  copies  in  circula¬ 
tion,  read  probably  by  16,000,000 
people,  furnish  intellectual  leader¬ 
ship  for  the  foreign  born.  It  is  re¬ 
assuring  to  know  that  probably  not 
more  than  five  per  cent  of  these 
publications  could  be  called  radi¬ 
cal,  and  that  ninety-five  per  cent 
are  American  in  their  ideals. 

It  is  a  sobering  thought,  how¬ 
ever,  to  remember  that  in  many  of 
our  larger  cities  the  population  is 
predominantly  of  foreign  extrac¬ 
tion.  In  the  next  generation,  there¬ 
fore,  the  ideals  of  the  foreign  na¬ 
tions  will  be  the  ideals  of  the  cen¬ 
ters  of  population,  except  as  those 
ideals  are  leavened  by  the  funda¬ 
mental  principles  of  the  American 


Republic,  which  root  in  the  Chris¬ 
tian  faith. 

From  the  above  can  be  seen  the 
importance  of  effective  ministry  by 
the  American  Protestant  churches. 
This  ministry  is  of  two  general 
types;  first  and  more  important, 
that  rendered  by  the  ordinary 
American  church  to  the  foreign 
born,  and  especially  the  children  of 
foreign  born;  and  secondly,  a  tem¬ 
porary  service  but  of  far-reaching 
significance  in  the  languages  of  the 
peoples  as  they  come  to  our  shores. 

Work  is  carried  on  in  foreign 
languages  by  the  Home  Missionary 
Society,  assisted  by  the  Sunday 
School  Extension  Society  and  the 
Church  Building  Society  in  the 
following  languages: 


Armenian  . 12 

Assyrian  . 1 

Bohemian  . 2 

Bulgarian  .  • .  1 

Chinese  .  1 

Cuban  .  1 

Dano-Norwegian  . 25 

Finnish  . . 50 

French  . . 5 

German  . 88 

Greek  .  3 

Indian  . •  • .  2 

Italian  . 16 

Polish  . . 1 

Portuguese  .  2 

Slovak  . 8 

Spanish  . 19 

Swede-Finn  . 1 

Swede  . 56 

Syrian  . 2 

Turkish-Armenian  .  1 

W elsh  . . . 3 


Total  . 300 


The  Church  of  the  Redeemer , 
Brooklyn ,  New  York 

As  typical  of  the  work  done  for 
foreign-speaking  groups  we  cite 
the  work  for  Italians  in  Brooklyn 
at  the  Church  of  the  Redeemer. 

This  church  was  organized  in 
1903.  For  some  years  it  has  wor¬ 
shipped  in  a  building  which  began 
life  as  a  stable.  It  was  trans¬ 
formed  into  a  makeshift  church 


34 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


by  a  group  of  Norwegians  and 
passed  into  the  possession  of  the 
Italians.  There  are  60,000  Italians 
in  that  vicinity  and  we  are  pro¬ 
viding  for  a  large  group  not  cared 
for  by  the  Roman  Catholic  Church. 


The  Old  Stable  Church 


The  old  stable-church  provided 
a  room  for  preaching  services  and 
some  small  rooms  in  the.  upper 
story  for  Sunday  School  and  occa¬ 
sional  social  use,  but  it  was  unfit 
for  the  wider  community  service 
which  is  increasingly  demanded. 
The  work  was  carried  on  under 
many  difficulties  and  was  a  source 
of  life  for  manv,  but  it  was  in  no 
position  to  serve  as  it  should  the 
community  about  it. 

The  church  has  secured  as  a 
leader  the  Rev.  Gaetano  Lisi,  born 
in  Italy,  but  educated  largely  in 
America.  He  was  in  religious  work 
in  Massachusetts  before  the  war, 
served  in  the  Italian  army  in 
Northern  Italy  during  the  conflict, 
being  three  times  wounded,  and 
then  entered  the  service  of  the  Y. 
M.  C.  A.  in  Italy.  Returning  to 
this  country  he  taught  Italian  in 
the  American  International  College 
in  Springfield  while  also  preaching 
in  a  small  church. 

An  excellent  new  building  has 


been  secured  for  this  church  within 
a  block  of  the  old  one.  This  is  a 
large  mansion  on  a  good  corner, 
admirably  adapted  for  various 
forms  of  social  service.  A  good 
sized  hall  for  church  purposes  will 
be  provided  on  the  first  floor,  in 
the  basement  there  will  be  a  clinic, 
with  baths.  There  is  a  large  sunny 
room  for  a  Kindergarten  and  there 
are  facilities  for  boys  and  girls. 
Rooms  for  Sunday  School  and  so¬ 
cial  work  are  provided  on  the  sec¬ 
ond  floor  while  the  upper  floor  will 
be  used  for  the  residence  of  the 
pastor  and  other  needed  workers. 
The  grounds  and  piazzas  will  be 
made  as  attractive  as  possible. 

The  development  of  this  work  in 
one  of  the  largest  Italian  colonies 
in  the  country  is  of  unusual  in¬ 
terest.  There  will  be  no  proselyt¬ 
ing  from  those  who  are  being  re¬ 
ligiously  cared  for  by  other  de¬ 
nominations.  Most  Italians  are 
Catholics  and  many  are  good 


In  Place  of  the  Old  Stable  Church 

Catholics,  but  there  is  a  very  large 
number  of  Italians  who  have 
drifted  from  the  mother  church  and 
who  welcome  the  sympathy  and 
ministrations  which  we  are  able  to 
bring  to  them. 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


35 


Finns  in  America 

There  were  in  this  country  in 
1910,  130,000  Finns  born  in  Fin¬ 
land  and  81,000  born  here  of  for¬ 
eign  parents,  making  in  all  211,000. 
Half  of  this  population  is  found  in 
Michigan,  Wisconsin  and  Minne¬ 
sota.  In  Minnesota  they  center 
around  Duluth  with  about  20,000 
in  the  county. 

There  are  important  groups  in 
Massachusetts  and  other  eastern 
states.  Also  in  the  mountain  states 
of  Montana,  Idaho  and  on  the  Pa¬ 
cific  Coast. 

In  later  years  there  has  been  a 
strong  drift  among  these  people 
from  the  mines,  lumber  camps  and 
fisheries  to  the  farms.  This  drift 
to  the  farms  is  seen  in  all  parts  of 
the  country  and  indicates  that 
these  people  are  to  be  a  permanent 
element  in  our  population.  It  also 
has  a  strong  tendency  to  counter¬ 
act  the  extreme  radicalism  which 
characterizes  some  Finns  where 
they  are  employed  as  laborers. 

We  have  now  twenty-three  or¬ 
ganized  churches  among  the  Finns 
of  which  fourteen  are  in  the  New 
England  states,  eight  being  in  Mas¬ 
sachusetts.  The  largest  churches 


in  membership  are  in  Brooklyn,  N. 
Y.,  and  Astoria,  Oregon.  There 
are  very  strong  churches  in  Quincy 
and  Fitchburg,  Mass.  There  are 
also  at  least  twenty  points  in 
Massachusetts  where  there  are  cen¬ 
ters  of  work  with  no  formal  or¬ 
ganization.  The  ministers  are  all 
traveling  Evangelists  in  all  parts 
of  the  country. 

Theologically  conservative  and 
highly  evangelical  as  most  of  the 
ministers  are  they  seem  to  feel  at 
home  in  all  Finnish  communities 
whatever  may  be  the  local  eccle¬ 
siastical  affiliations.  They  assist 
Lutheran  churches  in  conducting 
confirmation  classes  and  exchange 
services  with  ministers  of  other  de¬ 
nominations.  Most  of  the  churches 
are  very  strict  in  the  matter  of  ad¬ 
mission  to  membership. 

The  Finns  are  a  very  indepen¬ 
dent  race  and  appreciate  the  indi¬ 
vidual  freedom  they  find  with  us. 
The  time  seems  ripe  for  a  wider 
work  among  them  if  it  can  be 
financed.  A  very  important  place 
for  such  work  is  in  Duluth  where 
we  already  have  a  small  church. 
This  city  is  the  center  of  the  largest 
Finnish  population  in  the  country. 


A  Finnish  Sunday  School  After  Conference 


36 


CHURCH  EXTENSION  BOARDS 


Conclusion 


It  may  aid  in  appraising  the  work 
of  the  Church  Extension  Boards  to 
sum  up  the  foregoing  pages: 

A  Fundamental  Service 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  service  of 
the  Church  Extension  Boards  is 
fundamental  to  the  very  life  of  the 
church  itself.  These  are  the  agen¬ 
cies  which  not  only  promote  the 
life  of  existing  churches  but  are  the 
means  of  organizing  new  churches, 
of  preventing  the  death  of  old 
churches,  of  keeping  the  supply  of 
the  pastorate  strong,  of  making 
possible  adequate  equipment,  of 
furnishing  fellowship  to  all  the 
churches;  in  short,  the  organizing 
of  churches  and  the  maintaining  of 
churches  depend  very  largely  upon 
the  effectiveness  of  the  Church  Ex¬ 
tension  Boards. 

Likewise  the  benevolences  of  the 
churches  depend  to  a  large  extent 
upon  the  field  force  of  the  Exten¬ 
sion  Boards.  The  Congregational 
World  Movement  would  hardly  be 
possible  without  the  cooperation  of 
this  force. 

Moreover  it  is  a  fundamental 
service  because  the  home  church  is 
the  base  of  supply  for  both  men 
and  money  for  all  the  out-reaching 
work  of  the  church.  To  withhold 
from  these  agencies  the  resources 
with  which  to  do  their  work  would 
be  to  condemn  all  our  work  to 
failure. 

The  Response  of  Gratitude 

The  Church  Extension  Boards 
have  claims  upon  the  gratitude  of 
practically  all  our  churches.  The 
church  which  has  not  received  aid 
in  one  way  or  another  from  the 
Church  Extension  Boards  is  rare. 
More  than  four-fifths,  certainly, 
have  received  aid  on  the  pastor’s 
salary,  while  more  than  the  major¬ 
ity  were  organized  by  the  Home 


Missionary  Society.  Still  others 
have  received  aid  on  their  church 
buildings  or  in  removing  debt. 

In  this  day  of  magnificent  oppor¬ 
tunity  and  high  challenge,  the 
gratitude  of  churches  once  the  ob¬ 
ject  of  the  denomination’s  helpful¬ 
ness  may  be  expected  to  repay  with 
interest  the  aid  once  given. 

Cooperation  of  the  Struggling 
Church 

Ought  the  church  which  is  strug¬ 
gling  to  meet  its  own  problems  to 
share  to  any  great  extent  in  the 
endeavor  to  meet  the  total  respon¬ 
sibilities  of  the  denomination? 

The  answer  is  obvious.  The  only 
hope  of  the  struggling  church  in 
America  today  is  the  success  of  the 
Congregational  World  Movement. 
To  the  struggling  churches  of 
America  will  return  in  actual  cash 
more  money  than  they  contribute 
to  the  entire  missionary  and  edu¬ 
cational  program.  This  will  come 
to  them  in  aid  on  pastor’s  salary,  in 
the  campaign  for  the  increase  of 
pastors’  salaries  by  the  churches 
themselves,  in  grants  and  loans  on 
buildings  and  parsonages,  and  not 
least  in  the  constant  care  given 
them  by  the  field  force  of  the 
Boards.  The  struggling  church  is 
therefore  the  last  which  ought  to 
withhold  its  cooperation. 

Beyond  the  money  value  of  con¬ 
tributions  from  such  churches  is 
the  building  up  of  the  morale  of 
the  denomination.  For  the  little 
church  to  do  nobly  is  to  guarantee 
that  the  large  church  will  also  do 
nobly;  thus  no  church  liveth  or 
dieth  unto  itself. 

In  view  of  these  things  the  Ex¬ 
tension  Boards  as  the  agents  of  the 
churches  look  to  those  churches 
with  confidence  for  the  resources 
with  which  to  do  the  fundamental 
work  assigned  to  them. 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


37 


Congregational  Education  Society 


&  Increases 

Administration  General  Education  Budget  Needed 

Headquarters  expense,  salaries,  public-  1920-21  1921-22 

ity,  rent,  etc .  $  26,935  $  5,500 

Social  Service  Department .  11,390  2,500 

Missionary  Education  Department .  14,000  2,500 

Institutions  and  Student  Life  Dept. — 

Salaries,  office  and  other  expenses . .  .  6,550  2,500 

Minsterial  Students  Aid .  8,900  5,000 

Aid  for  young  women  studying  for 

professional  Christian  service .  ....  4,000 

Colleges,  academies,  training  schools . . .  20,030  .... 

University  Pastorates  .  19,712  7,500 

Young  People’s  Dept .  800  7,500 

Field  Work  Department — 

Salaries  and  expenses  of  ten  district 
Religious  Education  Secretaries  and 

their  offices .  44,683  7,500 

Additional  Field  Work  Secretary  and 

expenses  .  ....  5,000 

Elementary  Secretary  .  500  3,500 

Interchurch  World  Movement .  6,000  .... 

Religious  Day  Schools .  .  1,500 

Daily  Vacation  Bible  Schools .  ....  1,000 

Contingent  .  5,000  .... 

Expense  Cong’l  World  Movement,  includes 
share  of  the  Society  and  educational 
institutions  .  .  18,000 


$164,500  $  73,500 
164,500 

Total  Budget  1921-22 .  $238,000 

Income  from  permanent  funds  and  legacies .  38,000 

Needed  from  Churches .  $200,000 


Hope  for  a  kingdom  of  God  in  the  world  would  be  utterly  without 
foundation  but  for  the  succeeding  generations  of  boys  and  girls. 

Here  is  the  imitative,  plastic,  impressionable  material  which  can 
be  fashioned  according  to  the  kingdom  ideal,  whenever  we  adults  realize 
that  this  is  our  supreme  opportunity  to  build  the  kingdom. 

Making  men  is  the  one  task  in  the  world.  That  is  the  only  valid 
reason  for  running  homes,  schools,  churches,  farms,  banks  and  railroads, 
or  for  doing  any  kind  of  business.  The  time  to  make  the  right  kind 
of  men  is  while  they  are  young  and  moldable. 

The  churches  have  asked  the  Education  Society  to  lead  in  the  work 
of  permeating  our  entire  denominational  life  with  an  adequate  and  com¬ 
pelling  religious  education  ideal.  The  work  is  done  in  the  three  basic 
institutions,  the  home,  the  church  and  the  school. 


38 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


The  Task  and  the  Staff 


The  task  is  to  train  our  people 
in  Christian  living,  for  Christian 
service,  and  for  Christian  leader¬ 
ship.  Success  in  this  conditions  the 
success  of  all  our  missionary  so¬ 
cieties  and  denominational  enter¬ 
prises. 

The  entire  headquarters  staff  of 
the  Society,  in  co-operation  with 
the  editorial  department  of  the 
Publishing  Society,  under  the  di¬ 
rection  of  an  exceptionally  compe¬ 
tent  board  of  directors,  and  in  con¬ 
stant  consultation  with  the  field 
force,  plan  the  entire  program  and 
the  methods  and  materials  by 
which  it  is  to  be  carried  forward. 

The  work  is  done  through  five 
departments. 

Institutions  and  Student  Life 

This  one  department  is  larger 
than  the  entire  society  six  years 
ago.  It  aids  academies,  colleges, 
training-schools,  student  pastors  at 
tax-supported  schools  and  students 
studying  for  the  ministry. 

All  types  of  institutions  and  their 
work  will  be  treated  on  the  follow¬ 
ing  pages.  Only  the  other  features 
will  be  touched  upon  here. 

The  program  of  the  denomina¬ 
tion  for  recruiting  Christian  leaders 
heads  up  in  this  department.  A 
specially  well  equipped  man  has 
just  been  engaged  as  secretary. 

Congregationalists  are  furnishing 
but  a  little  more  than  half  their 
own  leaders.  If  we  did  not  borrow 
from  other  denominations,  our 
work  would  be  ruinously  crippled. 
Every  home,  church,  educational 
institution  and  Christian  worker 
is  to  be  enlisted  in  the  effort  to 


secure  more  and  stronger  leaders. 
A  secretary  and  the  full  operation 
of  the  department  next  year  neces¬ 
sitate  the  $2,500  increase. 

The  expenses  of  ministerial  stu¬ 
dents  have  doubled.  Without  the 
$5,000  increase  for  their  aid  we 
can  help  them  no  more  than  before 
the  war  and  must  refuse  some  who 
have  real  need. 

An  assistant  or  director  of 
religious  education  greatly  increas¬ 
es  the  efficiency  of  any  church. 
The  churches  are  calling  for  many 
more  than  are  available.  Young 
women  in  considerable  numbers 
are  applying  to  us  for  aid  to  get 
the  training,  but  we  have  no  funds 
and  must  say  no.  The  $4,000  is  a 
beginning  toward  meeting  this 
urgent  need. 

From  100  to  1100  Congregational 
students  attend  each  of  more  than 
30  tax-supported  institutions.  For 
the  cost  of  a  worker  we  can  reach, 
win,  and  hold  large  numbers  for 
the  Church,  the  Kingdom  and  for 
Christian  leadership.  The  $7,500 
is  urgently  needed  to  hold  strong 
leaders  and  occupy  more  of  these 
strategic  fields. 

Social  Service 

So  long  as  the  Brotherhood 
program  of  the  Church  is  crippled 
through  lack  of  knowledge  or 
through  misrepresentation  of  facts 
by  antagonistic  forces,  it  is  the 
duty  of  the  Social  Service  Depart¬ 
ment  to  seek  and  to  furnish  to  our 
churches  the  facts  which  are  vital 
to  such  a  program. 

To  this  end,  it  is  co-operating  in 
establishing  at  New  York  in  con- 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


39 


nection  with  the  Federal  Council 
of  Churches,  a  department  of  Sur¬ 
veys  and  Industrial  Research. 
This  calls  for  an  increase  of  $2,500 
in  our  budget  for  the  coming  year. 

The  Social  Service  Department 
is  also  responsible  for: 

1.  The  promotion  of  study  groups 
and  forum  classes  in  which  the 
Church  shall  seek  to  become  in¬ 
formed  and  build  a  common  con¬ 
science  with  reference  to  the  social 
problems  of  the  day.  In  this,  the 
department  co-operates  with  the 
district  secretaries  of  the  Educa¬ 
tion  Society. 

2.  The  production  of  social  stud¬ 
ies  which  can  become  a  part  of  the 
curriculum  in  the  educational  work 
of  the  church.  Three  new  courses 
were  made  available  during  this 
last  year. 

3.  The  gathering  of  data  as  to 
successful  church  methods.  The 
denomination  has  had  no  depart¬ 
ment  specifically  charged  with  this 
task.  The  Social  Service  Depart¬ 
ment  has  set  itself  to  supply  this 
need  and  is  co-operating  in  the 
preparation  of  a  series  of  manuals 
on  church  methods. 

One  of  the  most  effective  methods 
of  social  education  is  through  con¬ 
ferences  and  institutes. 

In  connection  with  the  Federal 
Council  of  Churches,  a  series  of 
nation-wide  social  and  industrial 
institutes  are  planned  for  the  com¬ 
ing  year. 

Missionary  Education 

The  study  of  Missions  and 
training  in  Missionary  Service 


are  vital  factors  in  a  Christian 
program  of  religious  education. 
They  are  essential — 

(1)  To  the  Full  Development  of 
Christian  Personalitv.  The  Chris- 
tian  impulse  must  find  expres¬ 
sion  in  service  or  it  weakens  and 
its  possessor  remains  a  spiritual 
defective. 

(2)  To  the  Strength  and  Vigor  of 
the  Church.  Expression  of  the 
Christian  spirit  in  service  is  as 
necessary  for  the  spiritual  health 
of  the  Church  as  for  that  of  the  in¬ 
dividual  church  member. 

(3)  To  the  Generous  and  Sys¬ 
tematic  Support  of  the  Missionary 
Agencies  of  the  Church.  Such  sup¬ 
port  comes  most  surely  as  the  result 
of  a  sound  knowledge  of  facts,  the 
cultivation  of  vital  human  interests, 
and  the  establishment  of  Christ- 
like  attitudes  and  habits  of  conduct 
toward  all  people  near  at  hand  or 
far  away. 

(4)  To  the  Recruiting  of  Young 
Life  for  Missionary  Service  at 
home  and  abroad.  Missionary 
Education  presents  the  claims  of 
such  service  and  leads  young  peo¬ 
ple  to  consider  them  fairly. 

The  Missionary  Education  De¬ 
partment  serves  the  interests  of  the 
churches  and  of  the  missionary 
agencies  by  promoting  such  study 
and  training.  It  gathers  the  facts 
concerning  the  work,  the  needs,  and 
the  literature  of  all  the  mission 
boards.  It  suggests  plans  and  meth¬ 
ods  for  the  missionary  education 
of  children,  youth,  and  men  and 
women. 


40 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


It  makes  this  information  avail¬ 
able  and  promotes  its  use  in  the 
churches  and  Sunday  Schools  by 
the  publication  of  pamphlets,  leaf¬ 
lets,  and  magazine  articles;  by  ad¬ 
dresses  at  conferences,  institutes, 
and  in  churches;  by  correspond¬ 
ence  and  personal  interviews;  and 
by  missionary  education  exhib¬ 
its.  The  Department  is  a  clear¬ 
ing  house  for  the  exchange  of  ideas 
and  helpful  suggestions  in  this 
field. 

It  promotes  and  shares  in  the 
conduct  of  denominational  and  in¬ 
terdenominational  Summer  Con¬ 
ferences  and  Training  Institutes  for 
missionary  education  in  all  parts 
of  the  country. 

The  volume  and  expense  of  this 
work  are  constantly  growing.  The 
costs  of  printing  and  publishing, 
clerical  work,  and  travel  are  much 
greater  than  formerly.  An  ade¬ 
quate  exhibit,  duplicated  for  use  in 
different  sections  of  the  country  is 
an  urgent  need. 

The  demand  for  this  service  and 
evidences  of  its  fruitfulness  are 
steadily  increasing.  The  $2,500 
asked  for  is  to  meet  this  demand. 
The  usefulness  of  the  Department 
will  be  in  proportion  to  the  amount 
of  support  it  receives. 

Young  People 

When  do  we  lose  them?  Ages 
15  to  24.  Why?  We  have  done 
less  to  enlist  and  hold  them  than 
other  denominations. 

The  National  Council  has  asked 
this  Society  to  lead  in  a  new  effort 
to  reach  and  hold  these  young 


people  so  necessary  to  the  church 
and  the  kingdom. 

Our  budget  to  date  has  made  it 
impossible  to  secure  a  secretary  to 
lead  in  this  work.  The  program  is 
launched  and  the  district  secre¬ 
taries  are  rendering  splendid  ser¬ 
vice,  but  aggressive  work  waits  for 
a  leader  who  can  live  with  the 
task.  The  $7,500  in  next  year's 
budget  will  maintain  this  depart¬ 
ment. 

Field  Work 

Through  the  ten  district  secre¬ 
taries  working  under  direction 
from  headquarters,  the  Society 
carries  the  program  and  the  ma¬ 
terials  for  its  realization  to  the 
churches. 

These  secretaries  assist  State 
Conferences,  District  Associations 
and  local  churches,  construct  and 
carry  out  their  religious  education 
programs.  The  church  school, 
young  people's  work,  missionary 
education,  social  service  and  re¬ 
cruiting  leaders  are  their  main 
spheres  of  operation. 

The  call  of  the  churches  for  this 
work  is  so  great  that  one  of  our 
secretaries  could  have  booked  him¬ 
self  for  two  years  in  advance.  An¬ 
other  has  one  assistant  and  has 
been  loudly  calling  for  another  to 
meet  the  demand. 

The  efficiency  of  our  churches  is 
involved.  We  must  retain  strong 
men.  We  must  have  another  sec¬ 
retary  and  should  have  two. 
Proper  increase  in  salaries,  the 
additional  secretary,  and  increased 
expense  of  living  and  travel  claim 
the  $12,500  increase  asked  under 
this  department. 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


41 


Colleges  and  Universities 


Name 

Beloit  . 

Billings  Polytechnic  Inst 

Carleton  . 

Colorado  . 

Doane  . 

Drury  . 

Fairmount  . 

Fargo  . 

Fisk  University  . 

Grinnell  . 

Howard  University  . 

Kingfisher  . 

Knox  . 

Marietta  . 

Middlebury  . 

Northland  . 

Olivet  . 

Pacific  University . 

Piedmont  . 

Pomona  . 

Ripon  . 

Rollins  . 

Tabor . . 

Washburn  . 

Wheaton  . 

Whitman  . 

Yankton  .  ..> . 


Place 

.  .Beloit,  Wis . 

.  .Billings,  Mont . 

..Northfield,  Minn . 

.  .Colorado  Springs,  Colo 

.  .Crete,  Neb . 

..Springfield,  Mo . 

..Wichita,  Kan . 

.  .Fargo,  N.  D . 

..Nashville,  Tenn . 

.  .Grinnell,  Iowa  . 

.  .Washington,  D.  C . 

.  .Kingfisher,  Okla . 

.  .Galesburg,  Ill . 

..Marietta,  Ohio  . 

..Middlebury,  Vt . 

..Ashland,  Wis . 

..Olivet,  Mich . 

..Forest  Grove,  Ore . 

..Demorest,  Ga . 

..Claremont,  Calif . 

..Ripon,  Wis . 

..Winter  Park,  Fla . 

..Tabor,  Iowa  . 

..Topeka,  Kan . 

..Wheaton,  Ill . 

..Walla  Walla,  Wash... 
..Yankton,  S.  D . 


Name 

Beuzonia  . 

Country  Life 

Endeavor  . 

Franklin  . 

Iberia  . . 

Kidder  . 

Pillsbury  . 

Thorsby  Institute 

Thrall . 

Ward  . . 

Latin  American  .. 


Academies 


Place 

.Benzonia,  Mich . . 

.Star,  N.  C . 

.Endeavor,  Wis _ 

.Franklin,  Neb.... 

.Iberia,  Mo . 

.Kidder,  Mo . . 

.Owatonna,  Minn. 

.Thorsby,  Ala . 

.Strool,  S.  D . 

.Academy,  S.  D... 
.West  Tampa,  Fla 


Training  Schools 


Name 

Schauffler  Miss.  Training  School. 
Congrega’l  Tr.  School  for  Women. 

Union  Theol.  College . 

Redfield  College  . . . 


Place 

.Cleveland,  Ohio 

.Chicago,  Ill . 

.Chicago,  Ill . 

.Redfield,  S.  D.. 


Seminaries 


Name 

Atlanta  Theological . 

Bangor  Theological  . 

Chicago  Theological  . 

Hartford  Theological  . 

“  School  of  Rel.  Ped... 
Kennedy  School  of  Missions. . . . 
Pacific  School  of  Religion . 


Place 

. . .  .Atlanta,  Ga _ 

....Bangor,  Me _ 

....Chicago,  Ill... 

...  Hartford,  Conn 

. . .  .Berkeley,  Calif 


Apportionment 

. $  15,000 

.  16,000 

.  15,000 

.  15,000 

.  15,000 

.  15,000 

.  25,000 

.  25,000 

.  15,000 

.  15,000 

.  6,000 

.  15,000 

.  15,000 

. :.  15,000 

.  15,000 

.  16,000 

.  25,000 

.  20,000 

.  25,000 

.  15,000 

.  15,000 

.  13,500 

.  13,500 

.  15,000 

.  13  500 

.  15,000 

.  25,000 

$448,500 


Apportionment 

. $  3,000 

.  2,000 

.  2,000 

.  7,000 

.  2,000 

.  4,000 

.  4,000 

.  2,000 

.  3,000 

.  3,000 

.  2,000 

$  34,000 


Apportionment 

. $  4,000 

.  4,000 

.  5,000 

.  5,000 

$  18,000 


Apportionment 

. $  5.000 

.  7.500 

.  7,500 

.  10,000 

'  • .  7,500 

$  37,500 


42 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


Work  in  Tax  Supported  Schools 

To  help  provide  residences  for  workers  and  support  or  equipment  for 
the  work  in  the  following  institutions:  Arizona,  Maine,  Vermont,  Cor¬ 
nell,  Ohio,  Michigan,  Illinois,  Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  North  Dakota,  Mon¬ 
tana,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Kansas,  Colorado,  Washington,  California,  and 
Nevada  State  Universities;  New  Hampshire,  Massachusetts,  Michigan, 
Iowa,  Kansas,  Washington,  Oregon,  New  Mexico  and  California  Colleges 
of  Agriculture.  There  are  other  state  schools  and  especially  normal  col¬ 
leges  where  work  should  be  done. 

Total .  $37,000 


Totals 


Colleges  . $448,500 

Seminaries  .  37}500 

State  Schools  .  37,000 

Academies  .  34,000 

Training  Schools  . 18,000 


$575,000 


Christian  Education 

The  use  man  will  make  of  his 
power  is  the  supreme  problem  of  the 
twentieth  century.  This  is  primar¬ 
ily  a  matter  of  intelligence,  ideals 
and  motives. 

The  issue  will  be  either  a  Chris¬ 
tian  or  a  pagan  civilization.  Can 
we  provide  sufficient  moral  ballast 
for  our  careening  world? 

We  believe  in  education  but 
pagan  education  may  only  produce 
shrewder  knaves.  Education  must 
be  Christian  to  guarantee  that  it 
will  be  a  blessing  rather  than  a 
curse. 

Education  is  primarily  a  matter 
of  personal  influence,  operating 
through  the  group  life  in  which  our 
youth  share.  Personality  and  at¬ 
mosphere  are  primary  educational 
factors. 


The  independent  Christian  edu¬ 
cational  institution  can  largely  de¬ 
termine  the  personality  of  its  teach¬ 
ing  force  and  the  atmosphere  of  its 
group  life. 

Education  is  incomplete  apart 
from  training  in  religion.  There¬ 
fore  we  believe  in  the  Christian 
school,  free  to  provide  for  unfolding 
the  total  nature  of  the  student. 

Academies 

About  seventy  per  cent  of  our 
ministers  decided  upon  their  life 
work  before  college  age.  The 
academy  gets  the  young  people 
during  the  most  decisive  period, 
and  also  furnishes  a  chance  for 
education  to  young  people  who 
would  otherwise  be  denied. 

Colleges 

Until  the  year  1865  practically 
all  college  trained  leaders  in  our 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


43 


country  came  from  church  schools. 
State  universities  are  largely  a 
product  of  the  last  fifty  years.  The 
debt  of  this  country  to  the  Chris¬ 
tian  college  is  incalculable.  These 
institutions  continue  to  furnish  the 
major  portion  of  our  ministers  and 
missionaries.  They  also  stand  rug¬ 
gedly  in  our  commercial  age  for 
making  a  life  as  well  as  making  a 
living.  They  are  indispensable  to 
the  balance  of  our  educational  sys¬ 
tem  and  to  the  training  of  that 
Christian  leadership  which  alone 
can  build  a  kingdom  of  God  in  the 
world. 

Theological  Seminaries 

Congregationalists  believe  in 
fully  equipped  leadership.  Our 
theological  schools  have  been  pio¬ 
neers  in  Christian  thinking  and  in 
providing  a  trained  ministry.  To  a 
large  degree  they  determine  the 
strength  and  power  of  the  church. 
Strong  leadership  is  a  necessity  to 
an  aggressive  Christian  program. 
These  theological  schools  furnish 
the  men  who  more  than  any  other 
group  determine  the  moral  fibre  of 
the  nation  and  the  destiny  of  the 
world. 

Training  Schools 

Thoroughly  trained  men  and  wom¬ 
en  assistants  would  almost  double 
the  efficiency  of  large  numbers  of 
our  churches.  The  pastor  cannot 
meet  all  the  requirements  alone. 
The  attempt  to  do  so  impairs  his 
usefulness  in  the  major  tasks  to 
which  he  should  attend.  The 
training  schools  which  are  equip¬ 
ping  young  men  and  women  as  di¬ 


rectors  of  religious  education,  pas¬ 
tors’  assistants,  parish  secretaries, 
and  for  work  among  foreigners  and 
other  special  groups  are  supplying 
a  need  which  will  tremendously  in¬ 
crease  our  church  efficiency. 

Tax  Supported  Institutions 

Tax  supported  institutions  of 
higher  education  are  the  crown  of 
the  state  educational  system.  These 
institutions  do  regular  college  work, 
but  their  chief  field  is  technical, 
vocational  and  professional  train¬ 
ing.  To  them  our  choicest  young 
men  and  women  are  going  by  thou¬ 
sands.  Being  state-controlled,  most 
of  these  institutions,  as  such,  do 
little  or  nothing  to  provide  definite 
Christian  training.  Our  young 
people  who  attend  these  schools  are 
potential  power  and  leadership  for 
the  church  and  the  kingdom  of 
God.  We  would  miss  a  great  op¬ 
portunity  and  be  derelict  to  duty 
if  we  did  not  surround  them  in 
these  educational  centers  with  the 
finest  Christian  influences.  The 
strongest  kind  of  Christian  leader¬ 
ship  is  being  provided,  but  this 
leadership  is  handicapped  unless 
we  furnish  facilities.  Our  student 
pastors  need  residences.  Our 
churches  in  these  centers  need  reli¬ 
gious  education  and  social  equip¬ 
ment,  and  some  of  them  must  have 
help  to  build  an  adequate  house  of 
worship. 

Financial 

The  financial  pressure  upon  our 
educational  institutions  is  tremen¬ 
dous. 

Men  students  went  to  war  and 
cut  the  income  from  tuition.  Costs 


44 


THE  EDUCATION  SOCIETY 


increased  on  every  hand,  while  war 
drives  of  various  kinds  made  it 
difficult  to  secure  increased  income. 
The  S.  A.  T.  C.  was  an  added  ex¬ 
pense  in  most  schools. 

The  armistice  found  most  of 
these  institutions  with  burden¬ 
some  war  deficits.  Then  came  a 
still  greater  rise  in  the  cost  of 
things.  Salaries  had  to  be  in¬ 
creased.  Today  the  budget  of  most 
schools  is  fifty  per  cent  higher  than 
in  1914,  and  for  many  the  budget 
has  doubled.  Where  endowments 
have  not  been  increased,  schools 
that  formerly  had  to  raise  fifteen 
to  fifty  thousand  dollars  per  year 
to  make  ends  meet  now  have  to 
raise  thirty  to  one  hundred  thou¬ 
sand  dollars  to  come  out  even. 

This  situation  threatens  the  very 
life  of  some  strategic  institutions 
and  unless  increased  resources  come 


to  others  their  efficiency  will  be 
greatly  impaired. 

These  schools  should  be  as  thor-  t 
oughly  equipped  for  the  work  they 
attempt  as  tax-supported  institu¬ 
tions  are  for  their  work.  Otherwise 
we  can  hardly  be  said  to  be  giving 
our  students  a  square  deal. 

Every  cent  of  the  amounts  al¬ 
located  to  these  institutions  is 
sorely  needed.  Even  then  many  of 
them  must  go  to  their  friends  this 
very  year  for  two  to  five  times  the 
amount  we  propose  to  raise  for 
current  expenses,  and  in  addition 
to  this  must  greatly  increase  their 
endowments  immediately. 

Let  us  not  be  deceived.  Our 
leadership  in  the  educational  world 
is  seriously  threatened.  These 
schools  must  have  our  hearty  in¬ 
terest  and  support. 


DIVERSITY  OF  IEUH01S  LAiU«« 


/ 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


45 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 

THE  FIELD  AND  THE  MOTIVE 


The  situation  of  those  belated  races  under  our  national  flag  in  whose 
behalf  we  are  working  through  The  American  Missionary  Association — 
the  Negro,  the  Indian,  the  Mexican,  the  Oriental,  the  Highlander  and  the 
Porto  Rican — makes  a  varied  and  powerful  appeal  to  us  Congrega- 
tionalists. 

Believing  profoundly,  as  we  do,  in  the  fundamental  principles  of  the 
Republic,  which  are  also  fundamental  to  our  own  traditional  faith,  holding 
as  did  our  fathers  that  all  men  are  equal  before  the  law  and  are  entitled  to 
equal  protection,  rights  and  privileges,  we  are  glad  of  a  chance  to  prove 
that  faith  bv  our  works. 


A  deep  affection  for  this  coun¬ 
try  makes  us  keenly  sensitive  to 
the  dishonor  and  alive  to  the  dan¬ 
ger  implied  in  the  fact  that  mil¬ 
lions  upon  millions  of  her  citizens 
are  unjustly  deprived  of  the  nor¬ 
mal  privileges  of  citizenship  while 
vast  multitudes  of  them  are  left 
weltering  in  superstition  and  deg¬ 
radation.  We,  therefore,  count  it 
not  only  a  sacred  duty  but  a  high 
privilege  to  bear  our  part  in  bring¬ 
ing  to  an  end  conditions  so  shame¬ 
ful  and  perilous. 


Peabody  Academy,  Troy,  N.  C. 

New  building  designed  for  both 
church  and  school. 


The  treatment  that  these 
people  have  received,  and  are 
even  now  receiving  from  certain 
men  of  our  own  race,  mortifies  us 

deeply  and  we  are  moved  to  make  up  to  them  by  extra  kindness  for  what 
they  have  suffered,  so  proving  that  while  some  white  men  are  snobs, 
bullies  and  oppressors,  there  are  others  who  know  the  meaning  of  chivalry 
and  possess  the  spirit  of  brotherhood: 


As  students  of  human  life  we  are  well  aware  of  the  gravity  of  race 
problems  and  the  soreness  of  race  animosities  all  over  the  world ;  we  know 
how  hard  it  is  for  men  of  different  blood  to  dwell  together  in  harmony 
especially  where  one  race  claims  superiority  to  another  and  we  are  proud 
to  have  a  part  in  a  movement  that  is  notably  successful  in  solving  that 
vexed  problem  and  can  show  scores  of  locations  where,  through  its  influ¬ 
ence  black  men  and  white  are  dwelling  side  by  side  in  peace  and  working 
together  in  harmonious  co-operation. 

We  follow  the  Master  whose  heart  was  ever  with  the  lowly  and  the 
oppressed.  He  identified  himself  with  them,  was  their  friend,  their  cham¬ 
pion,  their  brother.  We  are  eager  to  stand  beside  Him  and  to  deal  as  He 
would  deal  with  “these  His  brethren,  even  these  least.” 


46 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


How  We  Serve 


Our  instruments  of  serv¬ 
ice  are  two — the  Church  and 
the  School.  We  aim  <to  plant 
and  sustain  Churches  with  the 
spirit  of  schools,  the  teaching 
spirit,  and  to  provide  for  these 
an  educated  ministry,  pastors 
who  possess  both  a  glowing 
evangelical  faith  and  a  trained 
intellect,  that  their  people  may 
be  intelligently  instructed  in 
the  teachings  of  the  Bible  and 
the  principles  of  the  Christian 
religion.  We  also  aim  effect¬ 
ively  to  direct  the  community 
service  of  our  churches,  fur¬ 
nishing  so  far  as  possible 
>  trained  social  workers  and 
equipment,  that  each  may  be¬ 
come  for  its  own  neighborhood 
a  center  of  helpful  influences. 


And  we  seek  for  our 
schools  the  spirit  of  churches, 
a  reverent  sense  of  the  pres¬ 
ence  of  God  in  human  life. 
While  unsectarian  they  are 
deeply  Christian.  At  the  same 
time  they  are  genuine  schools 
- — admit  no  shabby  work,  in¬ 
sist  upon  high  standards  of 
scholarship  in  both  teacher 
and  pupil,  aim  at  symmetrical 
manhood,  training  head,  heart 
and  hands  together.  To  the 
development  of  the  intellect 
they  add  the  discipline  of  self-reliance,  sincerity,  industry,  patriotism, 
reverence  and  fitness  for  life.  These  schools  are  social  settlements  where 
the  .pupils  gain  quite  as  much  by  the  personal  influence  of  their  teachers 
as  by  direct  instruction. 


Raw  Material 


A  Teacher  of  Teachers  and  a  Leader  of  Leaders 


Everywhere  and  above  all  the  Association  schools  endeavor  to  de¬ 
velop  and  to  train  for  their  task  men  and  women  who  are  to  stand  at  the 
head  and  to  lead  the  onward  and  upward  march  of  their  peoples.  Its 
graduates  are  everywhere  to  be  found  among  the  foremost  men  of  the  races 
whom  it  serves. 

A  Great  Peacemaker 


At  the  forefront  in  these  troubled  times,  facing  a  race  antagonism  of 
intense  bitterness,  with  frequent  ominous  outbreaks  of  mob  violence — a 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


47 


situation  becoming  daily  graver  and  more  tense — it  stands  as  the  age¬ 
long  friend  of  the  lowly  and  oppressed. 

Over  against  hatred,  contempt,  injustice,  brutality  and  cruelty  of  the 
day  it  sets  the  religion  of  Jesus  Christ  with  love  at  its  heart, — a  religion 
which  inevitably  makes  for  tho  highest  moral  standards;  for  justice,  fair 
play,  sympathy,  brotherly  kindness,  forbearance  and  chivalry. 

The  communities  in  which  our  schools  and  churches  stand  are  every¬ 
where  distinguished  for  morality,  prosperity,  high  standards  of  living  and 
for  self-respect  which  wins  the  respect  of  others.  In  almost  every  case 
they  are  marked  by  kindly,  neighborly  relations  between  the  races. 

A  Resume  of  the  Work 

1.  The  Negroes 

Churches. — The  Associa¬ 
tion  has  156  colored  churches 
scattered  through  twelve 
southern  states  with  a  mem¬ 
bership  of  about  12,000.  Many 
of  these  are,  of  course,  small, 
but  as  a  group  they  are  thrifty 
and  prosperous.  They  are 
growing  steadily  and  through 
recent  years  have  been  mak¬ 
ing  notable  progress  in  their 
interest  in  the  wider  concerns 
of  the  Kingdom.  They  have 
generally  accepted  and  faith¬ 
fully  carried  out  the  Tercen¬ 
tenary  Program.  They  have 
had  a  distinguished  part  in  the 
Congregational  World  Move¬ 
ment,  being  among  the  first 
to  go  over  the  top  and  have 
greatly  exceeded  their  ap¬ 
pointed  quota  of  contributions. 

A  considerable  number  of 
these  churches  are  already 
self-supporting  and  others  are 
hoping  to  reach  the  goal  of 
self-support  within  a  few 
years.  They  are  supporting 
one  of  their  own  men  as  a  for¬ 
eign  missionary  to  Angola, 

Africa,  under  the  Ameri¬ 
can  Board.  Several  of  them 
are  carrying  out  interesting 
programs  of  religious  educa¬ 
tion  and  social  service. 

Their  ministers  are  men  of  high  moral  character  of  good  intellectual 
equipment  and  genuine  spiritual  power;  men  who  almost  invariably  hold 


Product 


48 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


positions  of  influence  and  leadership  in  the  communities  where  they  are 
at  work,  which  is  out  of  all  proportion  to  the  numerical  size  of  their  con¬ 
gregations.  Our  Churches  perform  a  greater  ministry  than  that  of  serving 
their  own  congregations — they  help  the  whole  race  by  setting  higher  ethi¬ 
cal  and  spiritual  standards. 

Educational  Work 

The  Association  at  the  present  time  sustains  four  colleges:  Talla¬ 
dega,  Alabama;  Tougaloo,  Mississippi;  Straight,  New  Orleans;  and 
Tillotson,  Texas.  It  has  also  an  important  part  in  the  support  of  Fisk 
University,  at  Nashville.  (It  was  the  founder  of  Hampton  Institute 
and  Atlanta  Seminary,  which  have  long  since  become  independent.) 

It  conducts  a  Theological 
Department  at  Talladega  Col¬ 
lege  and  has  a  share  in  the  School 
of  Theology  at  Howard  Univer¬ 
sity,  Washington. 

It  has  twenty-one  secondary 
schools  for  Negroes  scattered 
through  ten  southern  states. 
These,  besides  the  usual  high 
school  courses,  give  special,  nor¬ 
mal,  industrial  and  agricultural 
training. 

It  has  at  present  only  five 
elementary  and  affiliated  schools 
although  most  of  the  secondary 
schools  have  elementary  depart¬ 
ments,  it  being  the  settled  policy  of  the  Association,  so  far  as  possible,  to 
give  over  the  task  of  elementary  teaching  to  the  public  school  system  of 
the  South  and  to  devote  itself  to  teacher-training  and  to  the  fitting  of 
selected  young  people  for  race  leadership. 

In  these  thirty-three  schools  the  Association  has  about  five  hundred 
teachers  and  ten  thousand  pupils.  Our  schools  maintain  a  high  standard 
of  excellence,  employ  the  same  text  books,  are  graded  according  to  the 
same  system  that  prevails  in  the  best  northern  schools.  No  teachers  are 
engaged,  save  in  industrial  departments,  except  college  and  normal 
school  graduates  and  those  who  to  careful  training  add  the  spirit  and 
zeal  of  Christian  missionaries.  Recognizing  the  fact  that  the  majority 
of/their  pupils  will  have  a  part  in  the  work-a-day  world,  they  place  great 
emphasis  upon  industrial  and  agricultural  training.  They  are,  however, 
“open  at  the  top”  and  for  the  exceptional  youth  they  offer  the  higher 
education  which  opens  the  way  to  a  larger  leadership  among  their  people. 

Such  Schools  Still  Needed 

There  has  been  a  disposition  on  the  part  of  some  to  say  that  the 
South  is  growing  richer,  and  the  public  schools  ought  to  meet  this  problem 
of  education  of  the  negroes.  It  is  true  there  is  a  growing  sense  of  respon¬ 
sibility  on  the  part  of  some  of  the  more  advanced  thinkers  but  how 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


49 


they  actually  meet  it,  is  vividly  shown  by  the  following  figures  giving 
the  annual  expenditure  per  capita  for  public  school  expenses: 


Colored  'pupils 

White  pupils 

North  Carolina  . 

.  $  1.09 

$10.70 

Alabama  . 

.  1.47 

9.00 

Mississippi  . 

.  1.53 

8.20 

Louisiana  . 

.  1.81 

T6.44 

Georgia  . 

.  2.08 

10.09 

Florida  . 

.  2.37 

15.10 

South  Carolina  . 

.  2.66 

7.38 

Virginia  . 

.  3.20 

11.47 

Arkansas  . 

.  3.74 

8.15 

Tennessee  . 

.  4.58 

8.70 

Delaware  . 

.  5.23 

11.53 

Maryland  . 

.  7.04 

14.63 

Texas  . 

.  7.50 

10.89 

Kentucky  . 

.  8.91 

10.30 

West  Virginia . 

.  10.38 

10.94 

Oklahoma  . 

.  11.16 

14.33 

Missouri  . 

.  12.13 

14.80 

District  of  Columbia  . 

.  32.00 

33.00 

In  most  of  the  country  dis¬ 
tricts  there  are  still  no  public 
schools  above  the  fifth  grade  and 
in  most  of  the  cities  there  are  no 
high  schools  above  the  eighth 
grade  for  Negroes.  It  is  well  for 
us  to  pause  and  ask  what  would 
become  of  our  civilization  if  there 
were  no  better  school  advan¬ 
tages  for  the  children  of  the 
Anglo-Saxon,  the  children  of  the 
Italians,  the  Polish,  the  Bo¬ 
hemian,  etc.,  etc.,  than  are  pro¬ 
vided  for  the  coming  citizens  of 
this  race?  If  we  believe  that 
education  is  the  antidote  for 


Laundry  at  Lincoln  Normal  School, 
Marion,  Ala. 

Type  of  new  bu'Iding — simple,  inexpen¬ 
sive,  serviceable,  with  lines  of  real 
beauty 


anarchy,  crime,  pauperism  and 
even  disease,  what  logic  perverts  the  human  mind  of  some  who  say  that 
this  is  not  the  way  for  the  twelve  million  colored  in  our  midst? 


Although  the  more  elementary"  education  is  in  some  places  and  will 
in  more  places  be  taken  care  of  by  the  state,  there  is  no  hope  that  the 
higher  education  will  be  undertaken  by  those  states  for  many  years. 
Without  the  generosity  of  the  northern  people  there  could  have  been 
no  Hampton,  no  Tuskegee,  no  Talladega,  no  Straight  and  no  Fisk. 
All  of  these  institutions  if  dependent  for  support  upon  their  immediate 
neighbors,  would  soon  become  only  piles  of  brick  and  mortar.  This  may 
not  and  we  fondly  hope  will  not  be  so  twenty-five  years  from  now,  but  no 
one  can  doubt  that  it  is  so  at  the  present  time. 


50 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


Congregationalists  who  have  stood  in  the  very  forefront  of  this 
splendid  work,  have  the  task  still  on  their  hands  and  dare  not  withdraw. 
It  cost  our  fathers  much  sacrifice  to  plant  these  schools,  it  will  not  cost 
their  sons  in  these  bountiful  days  one-half  that  sacrifice  to  give  them  a 
more  abounding  life. 

The  Present  Crisis 

The  American  Missionary  Association  is  confronted  with  the  most 
challenging  hour  since  its  birth.  We  witness  the  recrudescence  of  race 
prejudice,  race  hatred  and  race  discrimination  in  its  most  passionate 
forms.  There  can  be  no  doubt  that  the  Association’s  program  of  Chris¬ 
tian  education  is  the  one  adequate  remedy  for  such  evils.  We  believe 
that  the  only  way  out  is  to  fit  the  Negro  for  citizenship;  for  a  citizen  of 
►our  Republic  he  is  and  will  be  for  many  years  to  come.  We  must  live 
with  him  and  he  must  be  fitted  to  live  with  us.  The  difficulties  he 
presents  to  the  nation  are  those  born  of  immaturity  and  ignorance. 
These  we  must  remove  or  our  democracy  is  doomed. 

2.  The  American  Indians 

The  Indian  has  made  an  especial  appeal  to  the  Christian  churches 
both  on  account  of  his  needs  and  on  account  of  his  wrongs.  Dis¬ 
possessed  by  the  white  man,  crowded  ever  westward,  driven  from  good 
lands  to  bad,  segregated  in  far  off  and  inaccessible  regions,  the  Indian 
has  rarely  had  access  to,  or,  what  is  more  important,  evidences  of  those 
Christian  influences  which  could  have  made  him  new.  The  Indian  is  not  a 
vanishing  race  today  contrary  to  popular  ideas.  It  is  probable  that  there 
are  as  many  Indians  in  America  today  as  there  have  ever  been.  The  latest 
estimate  gives  their  number  as  333,700;  these  are  scattered  all  over  the 
United  States. 

While  it  is  true  that,  in  some  of  the  very  lands  into  which  he  was 
crowded  because  they  appeared  worthless,  oil  has  been  discovered  which 
has  enriched  him  so  that  he  is  riding  around  in  fine  automobiles,  yet  for 
the  most  part  these  people  are  still  located  where  neither  Indian  nor  white 
man  can  make  a  living. 

The  call  of  justice  has  been  long  and  loud  for  restitution  to  the 
Indian  of  an  equivalent  for  what  he  has  suffered  at  the  hands  of  his 
white  neighbors,  and  no  small  effort  has  been  made  in  his  behalf  by 
Christians  and  philanthropists,  yet  we  cannot  on  the  whole,  look  back 
with  pride  upon  our  four  hundred  years  of  contact  with  him.  The 
white  man’s  whiskey  and  the  white  man’s  vices  have  been  fatal  enough, 
but  the  white  man’s  indifference  has  been  equally  bad.  We  have  taught 
barely  75,000  to  read  and  write  and  less  than  100,000  can  speak  the 
English  language.  Less  than  one-fourth  of  them  are  citizens  of  the 
Republic  and  fully  one-third  remain  in  the  utter  darkness  of  paganism. 
To  the  churches,  however,  the  fact  that  only  40,000  of  them  are  Christians 
and  only  half  of  these  of  the  Protestant  faith  is  condemnation  sufficient. 

Here  as  elsewhere  the  Congregationalists  were  first  in  service.  The 
very  earliest  missionary  work  of  our  denomination  began  with  them. 
It  was  no  small  venture  when  John  Eliot  started  out  from  Roxbury 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


51 


to  carry  the  Word  of  God  to  the  Indian.  In  1660  he  printed  the  first 
Indian  Bible  and  opened  their  eyes  to  the  Way  of  Life.  The  American 
Missionary  Association  began  its  work  among  the  Chippewa  tribe  in 
1847.  In  1882  it  took  over  from  the  American  Board  all  the  Indian 
work  of  the  Congregational  Churches. 

We  are  supporting  at  present  the  Santee  Normal  Training  School 
made  sacred  by  the  three  generations  of  service  invested  by  the  Riggs’ 
family,  and  the  school  at  Fort  Berthold  with  250  pupils  in  both.  We 
have  27  churches  and  16  out  stations  with  1,476  church  members.  These 
are  located  on  the  Santee,  Rosebud,  Cheyenne  River,  Standing  Rock,  Fort 
Berthold,  Crow  Reservations  in  Nebraska,  the  Dakotas  and  Montana 
and  all  the  Likely  and  Fort  Bidwell  Reservations  in  California. 

And  here  too  we  must  do  more  than  we  have  done.  These  souls, 
these  growing  youths,  who  will  soon  become  leaders,  are  entrusted  to 
our  care,  a  charge  so  great  demands  of  us  large  investments  in  better 
equipment  and  better  paid  teachers.  Several  of  our  school  houses  must 
soon  be  rebuilt  or  abandoned. 


3.  Our  Oriental  Neighbors 

Second  only  to  the  Negro  question  in  vital  interest  comes  that  of  the 
Oriental  bearing  as  it  does  upon  the  relations  between  our  nation  and 
the  nearest  neighbor  on  the  west.  Here  too  the  un-Christian  forces  are 
persistent  and  loud.  On  top  of  all  the  discrimination  heaped  up  against 
the  proud  Oriental,  California  now  plans  a  law  which  shall  forbid  alien 
Japanese  from  owning  or  even  leasing  lands  in  that  state;  at  the  same 
time  he  is  soundly  abused  because  he  will  not  become  an  American 
citizen!  If  the  Japanese  is  to  believe  in  Christianity  or  that  this  is  a 
Christian  nation,  it  will  be  because  the  Christian  missions  have  served 
him  with  arguments  that  drown  commercial,  industrial  and  legislative 
discriminations.  These  discriminations  are  made  in  the  face  of  the  fact 
that  the  Oriental  has  never  yet  been  convicted  of  any  crimes  against 
our  nation.  The  dynamite  laid  under  the  Times  Building  of  Los  Angeles 
left  no  trail  that  led  to  those  who  came  over  the  Pacific  but  to  those 
who  crossed  the  Atlantic.  It  is  significant  that  no  suspicion  for  com¬ 
plicity  in  planting  the  deadly  Wall  Street  bomb  has  fallen  upon  either 
the  “Darkwaters”  of  Harlem  or  the  Yellow  quarters  of  lower  Manhattan. 

The  Numbers 

While  there  were  in  1910,  71,531  Chinese  and  72,157  Japanese  in 
the  United  States,  the  Chinese  have  rapidly  decreased,  but  there  were 
in  1916  a  little  over  100,000  Japanese  besides  the  97,000  in  Hawaii 
alone.  In  a  recent  document  sent  to  Secretary  of  State  Colby  by  the 
Governor  of  California  we  learn  that  the  Japanese  have  increased  in 
California  alone  from  41,356  in  1910  to  87,279  in  1920.  The  Japanese 
births  in  1910  were  719  and  in  1920  were  4,378  or  28,037  in  the  ten  year 
period.  They  occupy  623,752  of  the  farm  acreage.  The  acreage  held 
by  the  Japanese  increased  412%  in  ten  years  while  the  value  of  the 
crops  raised  by  the  Japanese  increased  976%  in  the  same  period. 


52 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


The  Work  in  Hand 

The  American  Missionary  Association  opened  its  first  mission  to 
the  Orientals  in  1852.  Some  of  the  finest  achievements  in  the  training 
of  the  Christian  character  and  the  preparation  of  missionaries  who  have 
gone  back  to  their  own  people  are  products  of  the  last  seventy  years  of 
service.  No  one  can  measure  what  has  been  accomplished  and  no  one 
can  understand  the  challenge  of  this  problem  who  has  not  seen  it  face 
to  face  on  the  coast  and  in  Hawaii.  Nor  can  anyone  measure  the  influ¬ 
ence  of  these  Christian  missions  upon  the  increasingly  delicate  rela¬ 
tions  between  the  Oriental  and  the  American  or  upon  the  future  of 
Christian  missions  in  the  Oriental  homeland. 

In  Oakland  and  in  Los  Angeles  the  Oriental  missions  are  housed 
in  stores  and  lofts  over  stores,  amid  conditions  most  unattractive  and 
unsanitary.  Night  schools  crowded  with  Oriental  children;  Sabbath 
services  every  inch  occupied  by  Oriental  adults;  all  eager  for  American¬ 
ization — this  is  the  challenge  to  our  Christian  churches.  The  Oriental 
is  *  specially  alive  to  an  intelligent  propaganda  through  Christian 
literature. 

The  Japanese  Mission,  under  the  control  of  the  Presbyterians  and 
Congregationalists  in  Los  Angeles  must  secure  a  new  building  or  the 
mission  will  fail.  Pastors’  salaries  must  be  raised  or  they  cannot  live. 
Utah  has  one  mission  to  8,000  Orientals,  covering  the  entire  Utah  and 
Idaho  Basin. 

4.  Our  Mexican  Neighbors  in  America 

Numbers 

From  a  recent  statement  issued  by  the  Interchurch  Survev  we  are 
told  that  there  are  in  the  United  States  not  less  than  1,500,000  Mexi¬ 
cans — Texas  has  450,000,  New  Mexico  has  250,000  or  60%  of  her  total 
population;  Arizona,  100,000.  They  come  to  us  afflicted  with  much 
poverty — when  they  cross  the  border  from  Mexico  into  America  they 
come  as  the  Negroes  came  from  slavery  into  freedom — with  little  more 
than  what  they  have  in  their  hands.  In  Los  Angeles  23%  of  those  who 
apply  for  relief  to  the  County  Charities  are  Mexicans — one-twentieth 
of  the  population  furnishes  one-fourth  of  the  poverty  cases.  In  this 
respect  they  are  radically  different  from  the  Orientals.  A  study  of 
the  Mexicans  in  Los  Angeles  “revealed  that  55%  of  the  men  and 
74%  of  the  women  could  not  speak  the  English  language  and  67%  of 
the  men  and  84%  of  the  women  could  not  read  English,  and  75%  of 
the  men  and  85%  of  the  women  could  not  write  English.  More 
than  60%  of  the  families  studied  had  been  in  Los  Angeles  more  than 
three  years.” 

Condition 

They  come  with  their  whole  attitude  of  mind  perverted  and  even 
dwarfed  by  the  degenerate  form  of  Catholicism  which  prevails  through¬ 
out  Mexico.  The  padre  stands  between  them  and  progress,  education, 
intelligent  Christianization  and  even  Americanization.  Poverty 
ignorance,  superstition  are  their  constant  companions.  These 
thoroughly  unfit  them  for  intelligent  citizenship  which  the  future  of 
America  demands. 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


53 


Our  Schools 

The  Congregational  church  is  represented  here  by  the  Association  in 
four  village  schools  doing  heroic  work  in  villages  often  far  removed  from 
railroad  or  store  and  sometimes  with  hardly  a  Protestant  family  in  reach 
with  the  bitterest  opposition  by  the  Roman  priest. 


The  Rio  Grande  school  in  Albuquerque  has  been  our  most  impor¬ 
tant  school  but  it  was  closed  last  year  for  lack  of  money.  It  is  now 
being  reopened  with  large  promise  for  the  future.  Here  splendid  work 
is  being  done  for  the  boys  not  only  in  common  school  branches  but  in 
agriculture,  carpentry,  brick  work  and  good  dairy  methods  and  the  girls 
are  being  prepared  for  those  domestic  duties  which  every  Mexican 
woman  must  learn  but  of  which  they  actually  know  but  little. 

Of  these  Mexican  schools  says  the  Interchurch  Survey  under  the 
personal  work  of  Mr.  Stowell:  “In  most  communities  where  they  have 
been  established  they  have  been  the  one  real  Americanizing  factor  in 
the  community.  Few  home  missionaries  have  demonstrated  more  valiant 
self-sacrifice  or  rendered  more  efficient  service  to  the  country  and  to  the 
church  than  have  the  teachers  in  our  Spanish-American  mission  day 
schools,  and  there  is  perhaps  not  a  single  one  of  these  schools  in  existence 
today  which  is  not  rendering  a  much  needed  and  most  important 
service.” 


5.  Porto  Rican  Missions 


The  far  eastern  end  of  Porto  Rico,  with  a  population  of  100,000, 
has  been  given  over  to  the  American  Missionary  Association.  Most 
Porto  Ricans  live  in  miserable  one-room  thatched  huts  and  deplorable 
poverty.  The  first  census  taken 
showed  that  83  per  cent,  of  the 
population  was  illiterate.  It  has 
330  inhabitants  to  the  square 
mile,  making  it  one  of  the  most 
densely  populated  regions  of  the 
world. 


We  have  in  our  Porto  Rican 
parish  eleven  churches  with  a 
membership  totalling  800.  These 
are  served  by  three  American 
missionaries  and  fifteen  native 
helpers.  We  have  Blanche  Kel¬ 
logg  Institute,  an  attractive 
boarding  school  for  girls. 


Students  at  Blanche  Kellogg  Institute 


The  Ryder  Memorial  Hospital  at  Humacao  is  rendering  a  unique 
and  greatly  needed  service  among  the  common  people,  who,  in  their  deep 
poverty,  without  sense  of  sanitation,  ignorant  of  the  laws  of  health, 
are  subject  to  all  kinds  of  diseases.  A  large  wing  is  about  to  be  erected 
by  the  gifts  of  the  women  of  Ohio.  The  cost  of  maintenance  and  scien¬ 
tific  equipment  is  the  imperative  demand  for  the  coming  year.  The 
high  expense  of  living  has  affected  Porto  Rico  more  seriously  than 
almost  any  part  of  the  mainland.  Salaries  of  teachers  and  pastors  must 
be  increased  or  they  cannot  be  sustained. 


54 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


6.  The  Mormons 

Mormonism  is  not  dead — in  fact  it  is  more  alive  today  than  ever 
even  if  in  a  modified  form.  They  may  or  may  not  have  abandoned 
polygamy — they  have  not  abandoned  the  belief  that  the  Mormon  church 
and  faith  are  greater  than  the  nation.  They  are  today  pushing  their 
missionaries  into  every  part  of  the  world.  Boston  last  summer  was 
thoroughly  canvassed  by  both  women  and  men.  The  recent  high  price 
of  sugar  has  added  many  millions  more  to  the  Mormon  church’s  already 
huge  resources  for  propaganda.  With  the  power  of  money  and  with  the 
power  of  centralized  authority  their  ambition  knows  no  limit.  Their 
power  is  not  limited  to  Utah  but  they  now  control  the  balance  of  power 
in  Idaho  and  Arizona.  Only  two  senators  voted  against  Senator  Smoot 
some  years  ago  and  one  of  those  lost  his  seat  at  the  next  election.  The 
power  of  the  President  is  not  through  the  church  alone  but  he  is  the 
autocratic  head  of  most  of  the  great  commercial  and  industrial  organi¬ 
zations  in  Utah.  It  is  estimated  that  they  have  in  the  field  2,000  mis¬ 
sionaries.  In  the  Salt  River  Valley,  Arizona,  there  are  40  Mormon 
missionaries  and  they  are  about  to  build  there  a  $600,000  Temple.  They 
increased  their  missionaries  in  California  from  43  to  136  in  six  months. 
They  have  10  missionaries  in  El  Paso  to  work  among  the  Mexicans, 
while  the  Congregationalists  have  one  or  at  most  two. 

The  public  school  system  of  Utah  has  been  much  improved,  but 
they  are  still  in  control  of  the  church  and  are  used  in  many  places  as 
centers  of  missionary  work  upon  Gentile  as  well  as  Mormon  children. 
The  only  means  of  counteracting  this  evil  and  creating  intelligent 
leaders,  is  through  better  and  more  Christian  schools.  Speaking  of  these 
the  Independent  says  that  two-thirds  of  the  ex-Mormons  of  our  churches 
were  first  reached  by  the  mission  schools. 

We  have  two  now  upon  which  we  concentrate  our  service — Provo 
and  Vernal.  The  last  ought  to  be  developed  at  great  expense  for  it  is  in 
the  center  of  and  is  the  only  influence  of  its  kind  in  a  vast  inland  empire 
growing  in  population  and  wealth.  It  would  be  most  interesting  here  to 
give  a  list  of  the  best  leaders  who  have  graduated  from  our  schools. 


Boys’  Dormitory,  Saluda,  N.  C. 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


55 


7.  The  Highlanders 

For  many  years  the  Association  has  been  carrying  on  a  most  suc¬ 
cessful  work  among  the  mountain  dwellers  of  Tennessee,  Kentucky  and 
North  Carolina.  The  people  that  gave  Abraham  Lincoln  to  the  world 
have  continued  to  furnish  much  strength  to  American  life.  Out  from  the 
mountains  have  come  not  a  few  of  our  strongest  men  and  women,  who 
have  become  teachers,  pastors,  and  leaders  in  thought  and  activity  in 
many  parts  of  our  land.  In  fact  the  schools  have  mined  out  of  the  moun¬ 
tains  much  of  their  richest  human  treasure.  It  is  doubtful  if  any  work  we 
have  done  in  the  mainland  has  brought  larger  returns  than  that  which 
we  have  done  among  this  neglected  people.  The  situation  laid  bare  by 
jthe  government  at  the  time  of  the  survey  and  draft,  showed  alarm¬ 
ing  illiteracy  among  the  boys  of  this  region.  And  yet  facing  that 
we  had  to  withdraw  from  Grandview  for  lack  of  funds — a  school  which 
for  many  year  has  done  valiant  service.  But  we  propose  to  concentrate 
and  enlarge  Pleasant  Hill  making  it 
the  one  great  school  for  all  that  vast 
region.  A  legacy  of  about  $40,000 
will  be  used  according  to  the  term 
of  the  bequest  to  build  a  school  for 
the  manual  training  of  these  High¬ 
lands  boys  and  girls.  This  will  be 
done  immediately,  at  the  same  time 
the  other  buildings  require  exten¬ 
sive  and  costly  repairs  if  they  are 
to  be  made  fit  for  use.  Their  pres¬ 
ent  condition  is  a  disgrace  to  the 
Association.  The  sum  we  could 
well  use  for  Pleasant  Hill  alone  is 
too  staggering  to  be  mentioned  here. 

But  Pleasant  Hill  must  be  devel¬ 
oped  for  those  boys  and  girls  or  we 
must  abandon  any  further  pretence 
of  educational  work  in  their  midst. 

The  needs  of  Piedmont  College  have  been  well  heralded  by  its  enter¬ 
prising  leaders  but  their  importance  cannot  be  exaggerated.  Its  students 
are  of  the  highest  character  and  ability.  They  are  sent  forth  equipped 
with  fine  Christian  character  and  training  for  service.  There  can  be  no 
doubt  that  those  who  are  interested  in  giving  the  higher  education  to  the 
white  youth  of  America,  may  well  pause  to  ask  if  Piedmont  ought  not 
to  have  thousands  when  our  other  already  highly  endowed  northern 
Universities  are  receiving  their  millions.  It  is  just  now  facing  a  serious 
crisis. 


8.  Our  Hawaiian  Board  Co-Workers 

The  Hawaiian  Islands  have  just  celebrated  the  one  hundredth  an¬ 
niversary  of  the  coming  of  the  first  missionaries,  who  left  Boston  in 
October,  1819,  and  landed  in  Hawaii  in  April  1820.  These  hundred  years 
have  been  full  of  miraculous  missionary  fruitage.  After  the  American 
Board  had  ceased  its  work  there,  it  was  taken  over  by  the  Hawaiian 


56 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


Board  and  later  connected  with  the  mainland  churches  through  The 
American  Missionary  Association. 

The  problem  confronting  the  Hawaiian  Board  is  one  of  the  most  in¬ 
teresting  and  challenging  that  is  to  be  found  under  the  flag.  The  whole 
situation  has  changed  within  the  last  few  years,  because  of  the  slow  dying 
out  of  the  Hawaiian  race  and  the  incoming  of  the  Orientals.  There  are 
today  in  the  Islands  5,000  Koreans,  20,000  Filipinos,  22,000  Chinese,  and 
110,000  Japanese.  The  Hawaiian  Board  is  attacking  this  problem  of  the 
foreigner  with  the  utmost  energy.  The  question  of  the  Christianization 
and  Americanization  of  these  Orientals  is  one  in  which  the  mainland  is 
tremendously  concerned. 

Inside  of  twenty  years  enough  Japanese  have  been  born  under  the 
flag  to  control  the  vote  of  the  Islands.  Will  this  vote  be  Buddhist  and 
therefore  Japanese,  or  will  it  be  Christian  and  therefore  i^nerican?  The 
Buddhist  have  seventy-eight  temples  in  the  Islands,  thoroughly  manned 
with  Buddhist  priests  and  Buddhist  teachers  imported  from  Japan.  Over 
against  this  Japanizing  influence  is  placed  the  public  school  and  the 
Christian  churches.  The  coming  generation  of  voters  must  be  reached 
now,  or  it  will  be  too  late.  The  American  Missionary  Association  is  rep¬ 
resented  in  this  field  by  an  annual  grant  of  $4,000.  This  sum  should  be 
very  largely  increased,  that  we  may  save  this  strategic  center  for  Chris¬ 
tianity  and  America. 


OUR  BUDGET 


The  budget  last  year — 1919-1920  was  based  on  an  income  from  the 
churches  and  individuals  through  the  apportionment  of  $180,000.  The 
success  of  the  Congregational  World  Movement  of  last  year  has  given  us 
good  hope  that  at  the  very  least  we  shall  be  able  to  add  to  our  budget 
for  the  coming  year  $165,220  more.  What  the  Movement  of  this  past  year 
will  enable  us  to  do  is  graphically  shown  by  the  comparison  of  the  two 
budgets. 


1919-1920  1920-1921 


Southern  Schools  . $220,971.00 

Negro  Churches .  34,000.00 

General  Field  Account .  38,135.00 

Porto  Rico .  21,760.00 

Indian  Missions .  31,391.00 

Oriental  Missions  .  16,250.00 

Mexican,  etc .  23,958.00 

Hawaii .  4,000.00 


$325,705.00 

43,000.00 

64.000.00 

30,300.00 

37,521.00 

23,000.00 

33,681.00 

6,500.00 


Only  $6,000  has  been  added  to  the  administration  expenses  so  that 
practically  all  of  the  current  net  income  from  the  Congregational  World 
Movement  has  gone  into  the  field.  It  is  impossible  to  say  how  many 
schools  and  missions  we  would  have  been  compelled  to  close  this  current 
year  had  it  not  been  for  this  promised  increase  in  income — it  would  have 
been  a  staggering  and  irreparable  blow  to  the  splendid  investment  of 
our  fathers. 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


57 


As  it  was  we  found  our  budget  as  planned  exceeded  our  expected  in¬ 
come  so  far  that  the  Executive  Committee  felt  it  necessary  to  pass  a  vote 
definitely  suspending  three  schools — Emerson  in  Mobile,  Gregory  in  Wil¬ 
mington  and  Chandler  in  Lexington.  Each  of  these  three  centers,  however, 
feeling  that  its  school  was  indispensable  began  immediately  a  campaign 
for  raising  the  needed  funds  among  both  colored  and  white  citizens.  The 
continuance  of  the  schools  is  therefore  now  assured;  but  the  buildings  at 
both  Gregory  and  Emerson  were  in  such  a  condition  that  we  shall  be 
forced  to  increase  our  budget  by  several  thousands  in  order  to  honor  the 
sacrifice  of  these  citizens  who  have  thus  challenged  us. 

The  one  important  thing  the  Congregational  World  Movement  has 
enabled  us  to  do  is  to  add  about  $100,000  to  the  salaries  of  the  teachers, 
making  the  minimum  salary  now  $400  instead  of  $300  with  room  and 
board  and  travel.  This  item  not  only  represents  tardy  justice  performed, 
but  it  has  meant  the  securing  a  supply  of  teachers,  without  whom  the 
schools  could  no  have  been  opened  at  all. 

This  we  have  done  with  the  money  entrusted  to  us.  Now  what  can 
we  do  with  the  full  amount  which  we  shall  receive  if  this  year’s  five  million 
fund  is  secured?  The  share  of  the  A.  M.  A.  in  that  event  will  be  $625,000 
or  $280,000  more  than  we  have  budgeted  this  year.  With  this  $280,000 
we  can  do  the  following  needed  things — selected  from  a  multitude  of 
pressing  necessities: 


Extra  travel  expense  for  teachers,  $10,000 

This  we  must  provide  in  any  case,  even  if  we  are  compelled  to  with¬ 
draw  from  other  fields.  The  recent  increase  in  railroad  and  Pullman 
rates  will  cost  us  not  less  and  probably  more  than  this  full  amount. 

Expenses  of  the  Congregational  World  Movement  at  4%,  $25,000 

Here  is  another  imperative  item  of  expense.  If  we  did  not  make  the 
campaign  together  we  should  be  compelled  to  do  it  separately  at  much 
greater  cost.  This  amount  includes  printing. 


Added  building  repair  account 
$50,000 

The  outworn  and  sometimes 
shabby  condition  of  our  buildings 
is  frequently  criticised.  We  plead 
guilty  but  the  work  has  been  so 
pressing  that  we  have  preferred  to 
let  buildings  wait  rather  than  close 
them  entirely  to  waiting  boys  and 
girls.  Such  a  policy  has  its  limit 
and  that  limit  has  been  reached. 
Our  architect  tells  us  that  there  are 
at  least  17  plants  which,  unless 
radically  repaired  or  rebuilt,  will 
automatically  close  within  the  next 
decade. 


Building  of  Old  Type 

Almost  beyond  repair.  Must  soon  be 
replaced 


58 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


Increased  salary  of  teachers,  $40,000 

There  can  be  no  doubt  that  we  shall  be  compelled  to  make  further 
increases  in  the  salaries  to  meet  the  rising  cost  of  living.  But  further 
there  are  many  important  positions  which  must  be  filled  and  which  de¬ 
mand  ability  that  can  be  commanded  only  by  offering  better  wages — such 
as  instructors  in  Manual  Training,  Domestic  Science  and  Agriculture. 
Each  year  of  our  work  lifts  the  standard  of  desire  a  little  higher — we 
should  be  untrue  to  the  very  logic  of  our  investment  if  we  did  not  meet 
that  desire  for  better  things. 

Increase  for  Colored  Churches,  $10,000 

No  group  of  our  Congregational  churches  North  or  South  showed 
such  a  spirit  of  co-operation  and  loyalty  as  did  the  colored  churches  of 
the  South  in  the  last  Congregational  World  Movement  campaign — they 
were  the  first  to  go  over  their  quotas.  Their  pastors,  a  group  of  superior 
men  are  paid  unlivable  salaries.  They  must  have  more.  The  churches 
also  need  better  equipment,  but  the  above  amount  should  be  spent  in  the 
salaries  of  pastors  alone. 

Pleasant  Hill  Academy,  $25,000 

A  legacy  given  for  that  field  makes  it  possible  for  us  to  go  forward 
and  make  Pleasant  Hill  a  real  school.  But  this  $40,000  must  be  supple¬ 
mented  by  other  monies.  This  amount  put  into  new  buildings  will  make 
the  start  toward  a  well-defined  plan  for  the  larger  and  better  Pleasant 
Hill. 

Troy  Academy,  $10,000 

We  can  fulfill  our  obligation  for  the  completion  of  the  building  at 
Troy.  This  must  go  on  to  meet  half  way  the  splendid  loyalty  of  the 
people  there. 


Le  Moyne  Institute,  Memphis,  Tenn. 

A  crowded  unfinished  building  that  cries 
out  for  completion 


Le  Moyne  Institute  at  Mem¬ 
phis,  $24,000 

Here  is  a  young  normal  school 
— young  not  in  point  of  numbers, 
for  it  outnumbers  many  colleges, 
but  young  in  point  of  years. 
Three  to  four  hundred  students 
crowded  into  the  basement  of  an 
unfinished  building — it  has  been 
waiting  ever  since  “befo’  de  war.” 
We  are  pledged  to  its  completion. 
Less  than  this  amount  will  not  do 
— they  must  have  it  all  or  none. 
Will  they  get  it? 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


59 


Greenwood  Hospital  and  Nurses’  Training  School,  $25,000 

To  this  we  are  also  pledged  by  a  promise  to  give  this  amount  if  the 
citizens  would  raise  their  part.  There  is  no  social  need  quite  so  great 
among  the  colored  people  as  the  hospital  and  more  trained  nurses.  Our 
nurses  trained  at  Talladega  are  in  demand  everywhere.  To  send  out  to 
hundreds  of  the  homes  of  this  race  trained  Christian  girls  is  a  work  that 
ought  to  challenge  the  enthusiasm  of  every  man  and  woman.  No  one 
can  measure  the  good  which  this  one  school  will  do. 

Ryder  Memorial  Hospital — Dispensary,  $10,000 
Ryder  Memorial  Hospital — Kitchen  and  Laundry,  $10,000 

Surely  no  hospital  and  no  physician  supported  by  our  denomination 
are  doing  more  heroic  work  under  more  adverse  conditions  than  Dr. 
Schurter  and  the  Ryder  Memorial.  He  rightly  feels  that  he  cannot  go  on 
longer  without  more  adequate  equipment  than  he  now  has.  We  nearly 
lost  his  invaluable  services  this  year.  This  is  not  to  build  larger  quarters 
but  practically  to  build  what  now  does  not  exist  at  all. 

Blanche  Kellogg  Institute,  Porto  Rico — plumbing  and  bath, 

$1,000 

It  is  enough  to  point  out  that  this  school  with  a  larger  enrollment 
of  fine  girls  than  ever  is  now  equipped  with  only  out  buildings  and  no 
bathroom. 

Indian  Work,  $10,000 

Our  Indian  work  has  reached  a  real  crisis  not  only  in  Santee  but  in 
other  places  as  well.  Very  definite  physical  needs  must  be  met — they 
have  been  postponed  to  the  last  hour. 

Mormon  Work,  $5,000 

As  stated  above  the  Mormon  work  has  not  reached  the  place  where 
it  can  be  abandoned  if  we  have  the  true  missionary  spirit.  This  sum  is 
the  merest  beginning  of  what  should  be  done  in  Vernal  alone. 

Rio  Grande  Institute,  $5,000 

Rio  Grande  is  open.  This  key  to  the  work  among  the  1,700,000  peo¬ 
ple  must  go  on.  It  must  go  on  in  a  larger  way  to  meet  the  growing  needs 
for  education  among  this  gradually  enlightened  mass  of  American  citizens. 

Oriental  Work,  $5,000 

If  we  are  to  meet  the  needs  of  this  Oriental  population,  there  will  be 
new  and  large  demands  for  new  buidings — this  sum  will  enable  us  to  help 


CO 


THE  AMERICAN  MISSIONARY  ASSOCIATION 


one  of  the  28  missions  to  decent  quarters  this  year — next  year  there  will 
be  another. 

Dorchester  Academy,  $15,000 

Dorchester  occupies  one  of  the  most  unique  fields  in  the  south.  Here 
at  least  we  can  be  judged  guiltless  of  overlapping  any  other  work.  Not 
another  good  school  in  all  that  vast  district.  Three  hundred  boys  and 
girls  trudging  from  one  to  twenty  miles  each  day  to  school.  A  dormitory 
for  the  boys  is  imperative.  It  has  a  new  leadership  with  a  new  vision — 
it  needs  new  buildings. 

The  American  Missionary  Association  here  rests  its  case  before  the 
sons  and  daughters  of  the  men  and  women  who  by  heroic  sacrifice  founded 
the  Association  and  made  possible  its  seventy-four  years  of  splendid 
service. 

“Every  Americanizing  Organization  needs  to  get  to  work.” — 

New  York  Tribune.  We  plead  guilty  to  being  an  ‘‘Americanizing  or¬ 
ganization.”  We  further  plead  guilty  to  being  a  Christianizing  organiza¬ 
tion.  Will  you  help? 


Porch  of  Ryder  Memorial  Hospital, 
Humacao,  Porto  Rico 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS  LiS^nr 

JAN  8  -  1321 


MINISTERIAL  RELIEF 


61 


The  Congregational  Board  of 
Ministerial  Relief 

The  Specific  Work  of  this  Board  is  to  aid  Congregational  Min¬ 
isters,  infirm  and  retired;  widows  of  ministers  not  able  to  care  for  them¬ 
selves;  and  the  orphaned  children  of  ministers,  where  the  children  are 
too  young  to  provide  for  themselves,  have  no  relatives  who  can  provide 
for  them;  but  especially  aged  maiden  daughters  of  ministers,  infirm 
and  without  suitable  support. 

There  are  Fourteen  State  Relief  Societies,  also  engaged  in 
this  specific  task  within  those  states  and  a  part  of  this  program. 

The  Annuity  Fund,  which  receives  the  income  of  The  Pilgrim 

Memorial  Fund,  does  not  provide  for  those  who  are  now  sixty-five 
years  of  age  or  over,  or  who  are  already  incapacitated.  Its  work  is  to 
provide  for  the  old  age  or  disability  of  the  ministers  who  become  mem¬ 
bers  of  the  Fund,  and  for  their  widows. 

In  the  Annuity  Fund,  the  members  must  contribute  their  part 

of  the  cost. 

The  Boards  of  Relief  do  not  require  those  who  receive  their 
grants  to  pay  any  part  of  the  cost. 

The  grants  are  based  upon  the  period  and  nature  of  the  ministers’ 
services  in  the  Congregational  Churches.  Need  must  always  be  taken 
into  consideration.  They  am  made  as  generous  as  the  resources  of  the 
Boards  will  warrant. 

In  1919  The  National  Board  received,  in  round  numbers,  from  the 
Churches  through  the  apportionment  and  from  individuals  and  affiliated 
organizations,  $63,000. 

When  the  income  from  endowments  was  added  to  this  sum,  the 
Board  was  able  to  pay  to  its  grantees  over  $85,000,  to  State  Societies 

over  $16,000. 

The  State  Societies  made  grants  above  $44,000. 

State  and  National  Societies  granted  to  596  families,  representing 
at  least  1,000  dependent  persons,  over  $129,000,  in  1919. 

The  Congregational  World  Movement  Budget  for  1921  carries 
for  Ministerial  Relief  $100,000.  This  is  for  National  and  State  Relief, 
as  against  a  budget  of  $40,000,  under  the  old  apportionment. 


62  MINISTERIAL  RELIEF 


ANNUITY  FUND 


This  Appeal  Is  Urgent 

1.  The  number  needing  assistance  persistently  increases.  One  thou¬ 
sand  in  1919,  certainly  not  less  than  twelve  hundred  in  1920.  Not  less 
but  more  in  1921. 

2.  These  times  of  high  prices  and  almost  prohibitive  wages  for  all 
forms  of  service,  bring  special  burdens  to  the  aged  and  infirm,  requiring 
the  care  of  others. 

3.  The  grants  for  1919  averaged  about  $215  per  family.  •  They  must 
be  increased. 

Failure  to  Secure  the  Full  Budget  of  $100,000  Would  Be  a 

Calamity 

With  this  full  sum  available,  it  will  be  possible,  with  the  added 
resources  of  income  from  endowments,  to  do  better  by  the  veterans  in 
921  than  ever  before. 

But  even  then  on  the  basis  of  1200  grantees  the  average  would  be 
only  about  $250  to  each  family. 

Can  the  Church  be  satisfied  with  this? 

Is  this  a  fair  return  for  an  average  service  of  thirty  years  on  a  non¬ 
living  wage? 

Is  not  the  honor  of  the  Churches  involved  in  the  appeal  for  their 
aged  and  retired  pastors? 

Can  we  expect  God’s  blessing  upon  our  work,  if  we  neglect  our 
workers? 


The  Annuity  Fund 
for  Congregational  Ministers 

Adequate  Annuities  for  the  Veterans 

The  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  having  been  generously  subscribed,  the 
Trustees  of  the  Annuity  Fund  for  Congregational  Ministers  ask  for 

$100,000 

To  be  used  for  the  older  men. 

Why? 

1.  Because  the  entire  net  income  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  must 
be  limited  in  its  distribution  as  credit  toward  providing  old  age  annuities 
to  all  members  of  The  Annuity  Fund.  To  divert  it  from  the  main  objec¬ 
tive  in  favor  of  the  older  men  would  leave  the  problem  of  protecting  the 
minister’s  old  age  still  unsolved. 

2.  Because  the  provision  of  an  adequate  annuity  requires  payments 
over  a  series  of  years  and  those  honored  servants  of  our  churches  who  are 
now  nearing  sixty-five  years  of  age  will  not  be  able  to  make  the  requisite 


ANNUITY  FUND 


63 


accumulation  in  the  comparatively  short  period  remaining  for  their  pay¬ 
ments. 

Nevertheless,  there  are  approximately  1,350  ministers  of  Congrega¬ 
tional  Churches  who  are  between  fifty-five  and  sixty-five  years  of  age. 

The  average  salary  of  Congregational  pastors  in  the  United  States 
is  $1,431. 

By  reference  to  page  11  it  will  be  seen  that  93  per  cent  of  all  our 
ministers  are  receiving  less  than  $3,000  a  year  and  82  per  cent  are  receiv¬ 
ing  less  than  $2,000  a  year,  and  have  been  able  to  make  almost  no  saving 
for  their  old  age.  They  have  given  their  whole  service  to  their  country 
and  their  church. 

It  is  not  the  fault  of  these  1,350  men  that  they  are  now  approaching 
the  end  of  their  years  of  ministry. 

It  is  not  their  fault  that  they  have  not  sufficient  time  to  accumulate 
a  sum  to  their  credit  sufficient  to  purchase  a  reasonable  annuity. 

It  is  not  the  fault  of  the  provision  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  and 
the  Trustees  of  the  Annuity  Fund,  who  must  apportion  benefits  according 
to  the  actuarial  tables  of  safety,  that  they  cannot  provide,  under  the 
Expanded  Plan,  from  the  income  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund,  the  min¬ 
imum  annuity  of  $500  for  these  older  men. 

Actuarial  tables  prove  that  it  requires  $4,464.30  placed  to  the  credit 
of  a  minister  at  the  age  of  sixty-five  to  provide  an  annuity  of  $500. 


Accrued  Liabilities 

If  the  “accrued  liabilities”  which  would  have  to  be  met,  if  the  full 
annuity  of  one-half  the  average  salary  in  each  case  were  to  be  provided, 
the  amount  involved  would  be  vastly  greater  than  the  Pilgrim  Memorial 
Fund. 


What  Can  This  $100,000  Annually  Accomplish  for  the  Older 

Men? 

The  judicious  distribution  of  this  modest  sum  of  $100,000  annually 
supplementing  the  payments  by  the  ministers  and  their  churches,  while 
not  meeting  these  “accrued  liabilities”  in  full,  would  enable  the  Trustees 
to  supplement  the  annuities  of  the  older  men  so  that  they  would  be 
reasonably  adequate  allowances  and  would  be  approximately  commen¬ 
surate  with  what  would  have  come  to  them  if  the  plan  had  been  in¬ 
augurated  years  ago. 

In  short,  this  $100,000  if  given  by  the  Congregational  Churches  as  a 
part  of  their  benevolences  for  the  year  1921  could  be  freely  and  generously 
used  for  the  special  benefit  of  the  older  ministers  of  our  churches,  while 
the  income  of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund  continues  to  be  applied  in 
accordance  with  the  vital  principle  of  providing  adequate  annuities 
through  payments  covering  a  longer  period  of  time. 


64 


MINISTERIAL  PENSIONS  AND  RECRUITS 


Ml 


HelpPerpetuafe  the  Ministry 
Helping  the  med  Minister 


OD’S  great  army  of  min¬ 
isters,  missionaries,  etc., 
must  be  continually  re¬ 
plenished  with  new  material. 
To  the  young  man  with  minis¬ 
terial  aspirations,  whose  life  is 
yet  before  him,  the  vision  of  aged 
ministers  who  have  passed  their  days 
of  usefulness  is  a  discouraging  one. 
The  suggestion  of  that  “ill-matched 
pair— age  and  penury”  paralyzes  his 
ambition  and  too  often  he  does  not 
heed  God’s  call  but  turns  to  gainful  occupations.  The 
church  cannot  stand  by  and  permit  this  impression  to 
gather  momentum.  The  young  man  must  be  assured  of 
a  brighter  prospect  for  the  future. 

Provide  for  Aged  Ministers 

and  this  obstacle  will  be  removed.  The  future  will  hold  promise. 
The  barrier  will  be  raised.  Recruits  will  not  refuse  the  minis¬ 
try  before  they  see  the  larger  meaning  of  the  Divine  Call. 


From  the  Interchurch  World  Survey 


WOMAN’S  HOME  MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 


65 

The  Congregational  Woman’s  Home 
Missionary  Federation 


THE  CONGREGATIONAL 
WOMAN’S  HOME 
MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 

THROUGH 

State  Unions,  Association, 
Alliance  or  County 
Organizations 
and 

The  Local  Church 

PROMOTES 

Efficient  Organization 
Mission  Study 
Summer  Conference  Attendance 
Work  for  Young  People 
and  Children 

An  intel  I  igent  interest  in 
and  support  of  the  workof 
the  Home  Societies 


WOMAN'S 

HOME  MISSIONARY 
FEDERATION 


INTERDENOMINATIONAL 
BODY 

STATE  ORGANIZATION 


NATIONAL 

DENOMINATIONAL 

BODY 


LOCAL  GROUP 


THE  CENTER  OF  ALL 


Efficient  Organization  is  an  essential  element  in  effective  service. 
Without  such  organization  interest  and  devotion  are  powerless  to 
produce  great  results.  With  such  organization  they  may  become  irre¬ 
sistible  factors  in  the  accomplishment  of  great  tasks. 


Congregational  Women  have  a  definite  share  in  the  imperative 
task  of  Christianizing  America.  To  them  the  six  Homeland  Societies 
have  committed  certain  portions  of  their  work.  For  the  support  of  these 
fields  the  women  are  alone  responsible.  Through  their  effort  and  initia¬ 
tive  the  funds  needed  for  the  maintenance  of  this  work  must  be  secured. 

The  Congregational  Woman’s  Home  Missionary  Federation 

is  the  national  body  through  which  Congregational  women  are  organized 
to  meet  efficiently  this  responsibility  for  making  America  a  Christian 

land. 


66 


WOMAN’S  HOME  MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 


The  Federation 

The  Congregational  Woman’s 
Home  Missionary  Federation  was 
organized  in  1905  to  meet  two  dis¬ 
tinct  needs  in  our  woman’s  home 
missionary  work.  One  need  was 
for  a  central  body  through  which 
Congregational  women  could  share 
in  the  constantly  enlarging  group 
of  interdenominational  interests 
represented  by  the  Council  of  Wom¬ 
en  for  Home  Missions  and  kindred 
agencies.  Only  through  the  estab¬ 
lishment  of  a  national  society  could 
such  representation  be  secured. 
The  other  need  was  for  a  simi¬ 
lar  body  to  make  more  effective 
the  work  of  the  various  State 
Unions.  Strong  as  the  work  of 
these  Unions  had  always  been,  it 
was  becoming  increasingly  appar¬ 
ent  that  their  efficiency  and  effect¬ 
iveness  could  be  made  much  greater 
through  the  establishment  of  a  cen¬ 
tral  agency  which  should  link 
together  common  interests  and 
secure  active  leadership  in  organi¬ 
zation  and  education. 

The  aims  of  the  Federation  are 
the  natural  outcome  of  the  reasons 
for  its  organization.  Interdenomi- 
nationally  it  secures  for  Congrega¬ 
tional  women  adequate  representa¬ 
tion  in  the  interdenominational 
interests  of  today.  Through  the 
Federation  also  Congregational 
women  are  represented  at  the  great 
Summer  Conferences.  Denomi¬ 
nationally  the  Federation  gives 
standing  to  our  woman’s  home 
missionary  work  with  the  National 
Council  and  the  National  Home¬ 
land  Societies.  Working  through 
its  constituent  State  Unions,  the 
Federation  provides  home  mission 
programs  and  literature,  promotes 
mission  study  classes  and  confer¬ 
ences,  projects  home  mission  cam¬ 
paigns  and  enterprises,  and  by  these 
means  develops  in  our  women  and 
young  women  an  intelligent  inter¬ 
est  in  and  support  of  denomina-j 
tional  responsibilities. 


The  Unions 

Thirty-seven  State  Unions  are 
united  in  the  Congregational  Wom¬ 
an’s  Home  Missionary  Federa¬ 
tion.  Each  Union  is  responsible 
within  its  own  territory  for  the 
carrying  on  of  the  woman’s  home 
missionary  work.  Each  Union 
therefore  faces  a  twofold  task. 
First,  the  education  of  its  women, 
young  people  and  children  in  our 
vital  home  missionary  problems, 
and  second,  the  meeting  of  its 
financial  responsibilities. 

These  financial  responsibilities 
are  clear  and  definite.  The  Home 
Missionary  Unions  have  accepted 
the  task  of  raising  each  year  the 
funds  needed  to  support  assigned 
pieces  of  work  under  each  homeland 
society.  These  fields  are  the  spe¬ 
cial  charge  of  the  women.  The 
money  required  for  their  mainte¬ 
nance  passes  through  the  treasuries 
of  the  Unions  to  the  treasuries  of 
the  national  societies.  Upon  this 
money  the  societies  count  for  the 
prosecution  of  their  work.  In  so 
far  as  they  fail  to  receive  it  the 
work  is  curtailed. 

Efficient  organization  is  needed 
if  tasks  such  as  these  are  to  be  ac¬ 
complished.  This  organization  in¬ 
volves  a  “Plan  of  Work”  under 
which  the  Union  knows  the  precise 
fields  for  the  support  of  which  its 
money  goes.  With  these  fields  it 
establishes  personal  relationships 
that  their  needs  may  be  clearly 
understood.  Careful  and  effective 
organization  of  its  State  Board 
is  developed  that  it  may  be  in  close 
touch  with  all  phases  of  the  work 
within  its  state.  Active  and  ag¬ 
gressive  leaders  are  found  in  local 
churches  and  associations,  summer 
conference  attendance  is  stimulated, 
young  people’s  work  pushed,  mis¬ 
sion  study  promoted,  sacrificial 
giving  urged  that  every  woman  in 
every  church  may  recognize  her 
fundamental  responsibility  for 
the  Christianizing  of  America. 


WOMAN’S  HOME  MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 


67 


Our  New  Budget  Boys  and  Girls 


THE  WOMAN’S  HOME 
MISSIONARY  UNIONS 

Share 

In  the  support  of  missionary 
pastors  and  Sunday  School 
workers 

In  the  establishment  of  hospi¬ 
tals  and  social  centers 

In  the  building  of  churches  and 
parsonages 

In  the  maintenance  of  Christian 
education 

In  the  work  of  Ministerial  Relief 

IN  THE  WHOLE  TASK  OF 
MAKING  AMERICA  A 
CHRISTIAN  LAND 


The  Woman’s  Home  Missionary 
Unions,  because  of  the  relationship 
which  they  sustain  to  our  national 
homeland  societies,  participate  in 
the  new  budget  of  the  Congrega¬ 
tional  World  Movement.  Of  the 
$5, 000, 000  sought  a  definite  por¬ 
tion  has  been  assigned  to  the  State 
Unions.  This  amount  is  $650,000 
or  13%  of  our  total  goal.  This 
sum  is  to  be  applied  to  the  support 
of  specified  fields  of  work  under 
each  of  the  six  homeland  societies. 

THE  RAISING  OF  THIS 
$650,000  IS  PRIMARILY  THE 
TASK  OF  THE  WOMEN  OF 
OUR  CHURCHES .  IF  RAISED 
IT  WILL  ENSURE  THE  CON¬ 
TINUANCE  OF  WORK  ESSEN¬ 
TIAL  TO  THE  SAFETY  OF 
AMERICA.  IF  UNRAISED, 
THIS  WORK  MUST  BE  ABAN¬ 
DONED. 

SHALL  FIELDS  SUCH  AS 
THE  FOLLOWING  LOOK  IN 
VAIN  TO  THE  WOMEN  OF 
OUR  CHURCHES  FOR  HELP? 


i 


“we  ain’t  GOT  NO  SUNDAY  SCHOOL” 


A  western  frontier  town  of  two 
hundred  inhabitants;  a  visitor  from 
the  East;  two  boys  and  a  dog;  a 
question  and  an  answer — and  the 
story  is  quickly  told.  The  visitor 
and  the  boys  soon  became  friendly 
and  a  request  to  use  a  kodak  on 
them  was  readily  granted.  The 
picture  was  taken  and  a  promise 
made  to  supply  the  lads  with  their 
photograph.  Then  the  way  was 
open  to  delve  a  little  deeper  into 
the  little  lives.  Asked  where  they 
went  to  Sunday  School  the  re¬ 
sponse  was:  “We  ain’t  got  no  Sun¬ 
day  School  to  go  to.”  It  sent  a 
thrill  of  longing  through  the  heart 
of  the  man  from  the  East  to  help 
these  lads  and  many  others  like 
them.  There,  a  little  distance  from 
the  spot  where  the  three,  plus  the 
dog,  were  standing,  was  the  vil¬ 
lage  with  its  two  hundred  people; 
all  around  were  the  homesteads; 
the  people  were  there;  the  boys  and 
girls  were  ready  for  the  touch  of 
religion  on  their  lives,  but  there 
was  no  Sunday  School.  Last  year 
the  Sunday  School  Extension  Soci¬ 
ety  established  over  eighty  schools 
in  just  such  communities,  but 
thousands  of  others  await  our  com¬ 
ing.  Increased  funds  are  necessary 
if  they  too  are  to  be  reached. 


68 


WOMAN’S  HOME  MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 


A  Mining  Parish 


MULLAN, IDAHO 

A  mining  center;  a  constantly 
shifting  population,  indifferent  to 
the  church  but  welcoming  the  kind¬ 
ly,  sympathetic  interest  of  Christian 
workers;  a  splendid  group  of  boys 
and  girls  and  little  children,  ready 
for  Cradle  Rolls,  and  Sunday 
School,  for  clubs  and  classes,  for 
Camp  Fire  Girls  and  Boy  Scouts, 
for  Christian  Endeavor  and  all  the 
other  agencies  through  which  young 
lives  are  trained  for  right  living; 
a  church,  striving  to  serve  the 
community  and  meet  its  spiritual 
needs — this  is  the  field  which  our 
worker,  Miss  Lilie  Dehuff,  has 
served  for  five  years  in  the  Wallace- 
Mullan  district  in  Idaho.  Her  in¬ 
fluence  in  the  homes  and  among 
the  young  people  is  incalculable. 

Home  Missionary  Wives 

Home  missionary  salaries  are 
being  carefully  considered  today 
in  connection  with  the  home  mis¬ 
sionary  and  his  need  for  adequate 
support.  They  are  less  often 
thought  of  in  connection  with  the 
home  missionary’s  wife!  And  yet 
it  is  this  group  of  earnest,  devoted 
women  who  bear  the  full  brunt  of 
the  struggle  against  poverty  and 
an  insufficient  income  and  who  by 
their  loyalty,  courage  and  optimism 
make  possible  the  splendid  service 
of  the  home  missionary  himself. 
Nor  do  they  render  less  efficient 
service  themselves.  In  the  home, 
the  church  and  the  community 
they  give  unsparingly  of  time  and 
strength  and  power,  exerting  a 


spiritual  influence  that  can  hardly 
be  overestimated.  They,  no  less 
than  their  husbands,  deserve  the 
encouragement  of  receiving  at  least 
a  living  wage. 

Community  Service 


MRS.  LOUISE  B.  ESCH 

A  splendid  example  of  com¬ 
munity  service  is  furnished  by  the 
work  of  Mrs.  Louise  B.  Esch, 
pastor’s  assistant  at  our  home  mis¬ 
sionary  church  at  Mobridge,  S.  D. 
This  community  is  a  railroad  cen¬ 
ter,  with  a  population  consisting 
largely  of  young  married  people. 
“There  are  more  small  children,” 
writes  Mrs.  Esch,  “than  I  ever 
saw  in  a  place  of  this  size  in  all  my 
life.”  Nor  are  boys  and  girls  and 
young  people  lacking.  Out  of  all 
these  elements  Mrs.  Esch  is  build¬ 
ing  a  splendidly  strong  church  life, 
meeting  social  and  religious  needs 
alike,  holding  the  interest  and 
sympathy  of  the  young  mothers 
and  serving  in  a  true  community 
way  the  interests  of  all. 


WOMAN’S  HOME  MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 


69 


For  Such  As  These 


BOYS  FROM  SCHOOL  AT  SEBOYETA  . 


New  Mexico — the  land  of  bril¬ 
liant  sunshine  and  darkest  shadow! 
Ignorance,  superstition,  poverty 
and  vice  darken  the  lives  and  cloud 
the  souls  of  the  men  and  women, 
the  young  people  and  little  chil¬ 
dren  in  these  New  Mexican  villages 
of  ours.  Wholly  unfit  for  citizen¬ 
ship,  they  are,  nevertheless,  an 
integral  part  of  our  national  life. 
The  village  schools  of  our  American 
Missionary  Association,  the  Rio 
Grande  Industrial  School  at  Albu¬ 
querque,  and  the  Protestant 
churches  supported  by  our  Home 
Missionary  Society  are  the  agencies 
through  which  the  Congregation- 
alists  of  America  are  bringing  light 
to  this  darkness  and  training  the 
boys  and  girls  who  will  soon  be  the 
men  and  women  of  the  future. 
This  work  has  always  appealed 
with  special  force  to  the  women  of 
our  churches.  Our  share  in  the 
increased  funds  asked  for  this  work 
must  be  forthcoming. 

An  Unescapable  Responsibility 

The  race  problem  in  America 
today  faces  an  acute  crisis  in  its 
history.  Only  trained  Christian 
leadership  among  our  negro  popu¬ 
lation  will  ensure  its  peaceful  solu¬ 
tion.  Mission  schools  are  still  the 
main  agency  through  which  this 
leadership  is  provided.  As  pio¬ 
neers  in  this  work  Congregationalists 
have  an  unescapable  responsibility. 


Can  such  a  responsibility  be  dis¬ 
charged  when  buildings  are  unfit 
and  inadequate  and  the  teaching 
force  is  constantly  changing  be¬ 
cause  of  low  and  insufficient  sala¬ 
ries?  Does  not  the  gravity  of  the 
crisis  demand  the  investment  of 
sums  sufficient  to  provide  proper 
equipment  and  strong  teachers? 
Christian  patriotism  will  permit 
but  one  answer  to  these  questions. 

A  Mother’s  Need 


LOVING — BUT  IGNORANT 


A  mother’s  love  is  the  same  the 
world  over.  In  Porto  Rico,  with 
thousands  of  its  population  living 
in  miserable  poverty,  without  de¬ 
cent  homes  or  food  or  sanitary  con¬ 
ditions,  this  mother- love  sadly 
needs  guidance  and  direction.  The 
ignorance  among  the  peon  women 
of  the  island  is  appalling,  the  suf¬ 
fering  which  this  ignorance  entails 
is  heartbreaking.  Through  our 
social  service  work  and  our  Ryder 
Memorial  Hospital  we  are  seeking 
to  eliminate  this  ignorance  and 
relieve  this  suffering.  Enlarged 
resources  are  imperative  if  the 
work  is  in  any  measure  to  meet  the 
needs. 


70 


WOMAN'S  HOME  MISSIONARY  FEDERATION 


An  Imperative  Necessity 


NEEDED  AT  ONCE — A  PARSONAGE 

The  caption  of  this  picture 
states  a  fact,  not  a  theory.  Within 
a  single  month  twenty-eight  calls 
for .  parsonage  aid  have  been  re¬ 
ceived  by  our  Church  Building 
Society.  These  calls  total  $38,075. 
Until  these  calls — and  others  like 
them — are  answered,  pastors  and 
their  families  will  endure  not  only 
discomfort  but  actual  suffering. 
Living  conditions  for  many  have 
already  become  impossible.  When 
this  happens  the  working  power  of 
the  pastor  and  his  wife  is  reduced 
and  their  home  ceases  to  be  the 
spiritual  factor  in  the  life  of  the 
community  that  it  ought  to  be. 
The  great  increase  in  the  cost  of 
building  makes  the  problem  of  the 
Church  Building  Society  a  pecu¬ 
liarly  difficult  one.  Recent  calls 
for  church  and  parsonage  grants 
and  loans  amount  to  $385,875,  a 
sum  nearly  equal  to  the  society's 
entire  share  of  our  $5,000,000  bud¬ 
get.  Unless  these  “homes"  can  be 
provided  all  our  work  is  crippled. 
To  such  appeals  for  “homes"  the 
women  of  our  churches  should 
respond  with  special  sympathy 
and  interest. 

Christian  Education 

What  of  our  Congregational 
young  people?  As  they  reach  man¬ 
hood  and  womanhood  are  they  to 


be  controlled  by  Christian  ideals, 
filled  with  the  Christian  spirit  and 
ready  for  Christian  service,  or  are 
they  to  be  sadly  untouched  by  such 
a  vision  and  by  such  ideals?  Our 
denominational  answer  to  this  ques¬ 
tion  has  been  entrusted  to  our 
Congregational  Education  Society. 
If  its  program  can  be  made  strong 
and  vital  this  fundamental  denom¬ 
inational  problem  will  have  been 
largely  solved.  One  point  for 
which  the  Education  Society  is 
asking  enlarged  resources  is  its 
work  at  University  Centers.  Here 
hundreds  of  our  Congregational 
young  people  are  gathered,  during 
the  formative  years  of  their  lives, 
practically  without  spiritual  leader¬ 
ship  or  guidance  unless  as  a  de¬ 
nomination  we  provide  it.  The 
response  at  points  where  such 
leadership  has  been  given  is  signifi¬ 
cant  of  the  importance  of  this 
field  of  work.  Can  we  afford  to 
neglect  such  an  opportunity  for 
reaching  and  inspiring  our  young 
people? 

Ministerial  Relief 

The  difficult  and  sad  lives  of 
many  of  our  Congregational  clergy¬ 
men  who  have  given  themselves  to 
the  task  of  bringing  men  to  a  knowl¬ 
edge  of  God  and  Christ  and  into 
true  relations  with  their  fellow  men 
and  who  when  old  age  or  disable¬ 
ment  has  come  upon  them  are  com¬ 
pelled  because  of  pinching  poverty 
to  suffer  deprivation,  certainly  ap¬ 
peal  to  the  women  of  our  churches. 
Especially  should  their  hearts  be 
touched  by  the  hardships  which  too 
often  fall  upon  the  widows  of  min¬ 
isters,  both  those  who  are  aged  and 
those  who  may  be  young  and 
vigorous  but  who  have  children 
to  support  and  educate.  The 
Board  of  Ministerial  Relief  offers 
an  opportunity  to  relieve  such  piti¬ 
ful  situations  and  gives  to  us  the 
privilege  of  honoring  and  caring 
for  these  servants  of  our  Master. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD  AND  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


71 


The  American  Board  of  Commissioners 

for  Foreign  Missions 

The  Woman’s  Boards 

The  New  Budget  for  1921 .  74 

What  $400,000  Increase  Will  Do .  76 

The  Near  East .  79 

Near  Neighbors .  82 

Africa .  86 

India  .  88 

Japan .  93 

China .  95 

The  Woman’s  Board  of  Missions . 104 

The  Woman’s  Board  of  the  Interior . Ill 

The  Woman’s  Board  of  the  Pacific . 116 


Who  Will  Go? 


119 


72 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


The  American  Board’s 
World-Wide  Work 

World  Chaos  Exalts  Foreign  Missions 

THE  widespread  work  of  the  American  Board  and  of  the  three 
Woman’s  Boards  must  have  an  increased  budget  for  1921.  The 
Board  trusts  confidently  in  the  loyalty  of  its  living  partners  in  the  home 
churches  and  in  the  approval  of  its  results  and  its  policy  by  all  Congre- 
gationalists.  Its  friends  have  revealed  their  determination  to  meet  the 
proved  and  enlarging  needs  of  this  work.  The  Board’s  expenses  for  the 
year  just  closed  reached  the  great  total  of  $1,909,000,  an  increase  over 
1919  of  $375,000.  This  amount  represents  increased  costs  of  the  work 
rather  than  any  expansion.  No  new  fields  were  entered  and  many  critical 
needs  urged  by  the  missionaries  were  declined. 

This  hour  of  world  chaos,  of  delayed  peace,  of  wide  sweeping  disease, 
of  spreading  starvation,  in  part  unnecessary,  and  of  deep  spiritual  yearn¬ 
ing,  underscores  in  blood  red  the  need  and  opportunity  of  foreign  missions. 
Our  800  missionaries  in  war  time  helped  to  mould  the  thought  of  nations 
and  filled  full  the  cup  of  their  own  devotion.  Many  laid  down  their  lives 
in  exalted  heroism.  Never  was  the  missionary  enterprise  so  highly  re¬ 
garded,  or  so  vitally  needed,  or  so  loyally  supported  by  its  Christian 
friends  as  today. 

Good  Will  to  a  Broken  World 

Since  the  armistice,  America  has  been  prevented  from  revealing  her 
full  heart  of  sympathy  and  of  good-will  to  the  broken  world.  It  is  need¬ 
less  to  divide  the  blame  or  locate  the  fault,  but  most  of  us  are  convinced 
that  we  have  not  yet  paid  in  full  our  living  debt  of  prosperity,  power  and 
love  to  shattered  nations.  Your  mission  Boards  furnish  a  chance  for 
Christian  people  to  throw  their  hearts  wide  open  to  meet  starvation, 
disease  and  spiritual  darkness.  The  world  looks  to  us  for  moral  leader¬ 
ship.  It  is  conceivable  that  politically  some  may  shrink  from  accepting 
new  international  obligations,  but  no  true  Christian  would  dream  of  with¬ 
drawing  our  missionary  and  philanthropic  aid  from  these  broken  peoples 
now.  If  we  are  not  true  internationalists  in  purpose  and  in  sympathy, 
then  Christ  failed  to  implant  the  ideal  of  Brotherhood  in  His  church. 
Spiritually,  we  offer  ourselves  as  world  citizens,  bond  servants  of  Christ, 
to  meet  our  share  of  the  world’s  needs.  We  cannot  poke  our  heads  in  the 
sand,  thinking  to  blot  out  the  searing  vision  of  suffering  overseas.  Nor 
can  we  listen  to  the  voice  crying,  “Peace,  peace,  when  there  is  no  peace,” 
until  we  have  answered  the  cry  of  God’s  children. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


73 


SUCCESS  BRINGS  OPPORTUNITY 

The  American  Board  is  one  of  the  greatest  assets  and  obligations 
of  the  Congregational  churches.  It  is  the  oldest  and  the  strongest  of 
our  institutions.  The  marked  success  of  its  work  places  it  high  in  affec¬ 
tion  and  loyalty  upon  the  hearts  of  our  church  members.  Founded  in 
1810  the  first  of  all  foreign  mission  boards  in  America,  it  has  been  the 
mother  of  a  score  of  denominational  societies,  and  its  place  of  leadership 
has  been  preserved  today.  Congregationalists  have  always  led  the  way 
as  pioneers  and  our  Board  has  had  the  honor  of  being  on  the  firing  line 
in  many  mission  fields.  Three  Centennial  celebrations  have  already 
been  placed  as  mile  stones  in  our  history  in  India,  Hawaii  and  Turkey. 

An  Impressive  Summary 

Under  the  American  Board  and  the  three  Woman’s  Boards,  a  mis¬ 
sionary  staff  of  724  aided  by  90  term  workers  represent  the  churches 
as  modern  apostles  carefully  chosen  and  sent  to  our  tasks,  not  theirs. 
From  this  year’s  records,  after  discounting  the  uncertain  conditions  in 
the  Near  East,  five  thousand  native  helpers,  trained,  devoted,  and  effi¬ 
cient  are  the  hope  of  the  Kingdom  in  their  fields.  The  organized 
churches  number  604  and  enroll  nearly  76,000  members  and  a  quarter  of 
a  million  souls  in  this  vast  parish  of  ours.  The  73,000  young  people 
in  the  Bible  Schools  and  the  army  of  58,620  pupils  in  schools  and  col¬ 
leges  furnish  our  compelling  chance  to  provide  leadership  for  the  com¬ 
ing  generation.  Every  year  the  70  hospitals  and  dispensaries  give  a 
thousand  treatments  each  day,  the  world  around,  while  industrial  and 
agricultural  schools  achieve  practical  results  that  help  to  lift  the  living 
conditions  of  many  districts. 

Business  men  are  impressed  by  financial  strength.  The  Board’s 
trust  funds  total  over  five  million  dollars  today  and  a  rough  estimate  of 
the  present  replacement  value  of  all  the  lands,  buildings,  plant  and 
equipment  abroad  would  reach  the  impressive  total  of  ten  millions.  All 
this  multiplies  the  investment  value  of  every  dollar  given  to  the  work 
this  year.  Beyond  this  lies  the  deeper  truth  that  spiritual  results  depend 
also  upon  foundations  laid  in  past  days.  A  rich  investment  of  prayer 
and  sacrifice  waits  for  our  building  today. 

The  Simple  Test 

Let  these  old  and  new  burdens  be  reckoned  our  rich  spiritual 
privilege.  Opposition  has  decreased.  Results  are  coming  in  a  multiplied 
ratio.  No  one  can  doubt  the  value  of  the  work  or  the  sure  return  for 
every  sacrifice  now  made.  No  one  could  ask  greater  chances  for  ser¬ 
vice  to  the  Kingdom  of  God  on  earth.  If  Paul  could  give  thanks  for  an 
“open  door”  what  shall  we  call  these  rich  mines  of  Christian  opportunity? 
No  single  circumstance  is  lacking  to  favor  this  missionary  task.  If  we  are 
Christ’s  men  and  women  today  then  will  we  do  our  utmost  to  prove  that 
we  are  worthy  of  this  world  hour.  And  the  test  is  both  simple  and  per¬ 
sonal  for  our  gifts  will  prove  the  desire  to  serve  and  the  intent  to  share 
in  these  modern  Acts  of  the  Apostles.  A  new  Bible  is  being  written  in 
the  mission  fields  and  many  of  its  important  chapters  will  depend  on 
the  answer  made  in  6,000  Congregational  churches  in  1921. 


74 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


AMERICAN  BOARD’S  BUDGET  FOR  1921 
(Excluding  Receipts  from  the  Woman’s  Boards) 

Cost  of  Missions,  1920 

The  Staff  of  Missionaries 

Salaries  of  800  missionaries  and  term  workers,  children’s 
allowances,  etc. 

Traveling  expenses  to  and  from  fields, 

Allowances  on  furlough,  children’s  education, 

Pensions  retired  workers .  $  698,000 

General  Work 

Support  of  native  workers, 

Aid  to  churches,  colleges,  schools,  pupils,  hospitals .  520,000 

Total  Cost  of  Missions .  $1,218,000 

Cost  of  Administration 

Salaries  of  officers  and  employees,  rents  and  traveling 
expenses, 

Printing,  publications,  Missionary  Herald, 

Agencies  for  stirring  interest,  including  $36,000  underwrit¬ 
ing  to  Interchurch  Movement,  all  paid .  178,000 

Total  Budget  for  1920 .  1,396,000 

Increase  Asked  From  the  Churches  in  1921 .  400,000 

Total  American  Board  Budget  for  1921 .  $1,796,000 

(Including  the  Woman’s  Boards) 

American  Board 

Estimated  income  from  legacies,  conditional  gifts, 

interest  on  funds,  individual  gifts,  specials .  571,000 

Expected  gifts  from  churches .  1,225,000 

Woman’s  Boards 

Estimated  income  from  fixed  sources  as  above .  88,000 

Expected  gifts  from  churches  and  auxiliaries .  650,000 

Grand  Total  Budget  for  Foreign  Missions  1921  $2,537,000 

The  total  of  $1,875,000  needed  from  our  800,000  members 
is  a  per  capita  gift  of  $2.34  per  year — Less  than  a  cent  a  day  for 
the  Kingdom  abroad.  Is  a  carfare  a  week  beyond  our  capacity? 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


75 


THE  NEW  BUDGET  IS  EASILY  POSSIBLE 


The  budget  outlined  on  the  opposite  page  will  support  our  present 
work  without  retrenchment  or  retreat.  It  will  cover  the  increased  cost  of 
sustaining  800  missionaries,  6,000  native  helpers,  churches,  schools  and 
hospitals  that  comprise  our  work. 


It  will  not  cover  the  opening  of  new  fields,  or  the  founding  of  new 
institutions,  greatly  as  these  are  needed.  It  is  not  a  reconstruction  budget 
but  a  conservative  statement  of  needs  already  existing. 


The  special  emergencies  noted  in  last  year’s  list  are  unmet  for  the 
most  part.  A  little  more  than  one  half  of  the  amount  asked  for  was  sub¬ 
scribed.  The  huge  deficit  of  $242,000  reported  by  the  Board  in  closing 
its  fiscal  year  represents  a  task  undone  and  a  privilege  unmet  by  many  of 
the  churches.  Two  thousand  churches  saw  their  chance,  told  the  story 
and  met  their  share  of  the  need  loyally  and  successfully.  Thanks  to  them, 
last  year’s  deficit  is  fully  covered  by  subscriptions  to  the  Congregational 
World  Movement,  payable  through  the  coming  months.  Without  the 
effort  of  those  churches,  the  Board  would  be  crippled  for  years  to  come. 


This  is  the  work  of  the  Congregational  Churches. 
You  own  it  and  are  supporting  it.  Without  your 
gifts  and  the  championship  of  the  pastors,  and  the 
approval  and  support  of  laymen,  it  can  not  be  con¬ 
tinued.  The  missionaries  represent  you  along  the 
wide  front  of  19  missions.  This  is  our  share  of  God’s 
Kingdom  of  righteousness  as  it  seeks  to  uplift 
75,000,000  souls — our  total  world- wide 
parish. 

But  wait  a  moment,  is  it  our 
work?  Yes,  but  also  it  is  Christ’s 
work.  He  made  it  possible.  He  out¬ 
lined  the  policy,  started  the  organiza¬ 
tion  and  waits  for  our 


$1,909,000 


success  in  His  name. 

In  this  task,  as  fel¬ 
low  workers  with  Him,  we 
share  the  promises  and  the 
blessings  as  well  as  the 
sacrifices  of  Kingdom 
Builders. 


$625,833 


$429,799 


$83,019 


1830  1860  1885  1910  1920 


A  Growing  Budget  Means  Success  and  Great 

Achievements 


76 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


WHAT  THE  INCREASE  OF  $400,000  FROM  THE  CHURCHES 

WILL  DO. 

Meet  rising  costs  of  living  and  travel  for  our  missionaries .  $70,000 

Send  six  new  families  above  recent  average  to  the  most  needy 
fields,  including  outfit,  travel  and  salary .  15,000 

Increase  wages  to  several  thousand  faithful  native  helpers  and 
add  25%  to  funds  available  for  aid  to  churches,  evangelism, 
schools,  scholarships,  colleges  under  pressure  of  war  conditions. 

Living  costs  have  increased  over  100% .  69,000 

Build  additional  houses  for  new  missionaries  now  renting  native 

buildings  or  unprovided  for .  70,000 

Reassume  the  support  of  seven  hospitals  in  Turkey;  The  Near 
East  Relief  turns  them  back  to  us .  42,000 

Meet  special  war  costs  in  Anatolia  College  and  New  Inter¬ 
national.  These  two  colleges  have  done  a  great  work;  bills 
must  be  met .  40,000 

Do  our  share  in  Union  Institutions  like  Peking  University, 

Fukien  University  in  Foochow,  and  Canton  University.  This 
represents  past  pledges  which  must  be  met .  50,000 

Fulfill  pledges  for  union  literature  work  the  world  around  and 

prove  our  intent  to  cooperate  in  every  field .  14,000 

Meet  special  emergencies  including  hospital  and  training  of  20 
new  evangelists  in  Philippines,  also  immediate  needs  in  Spain, 

Mexico,  and  Dr.  Watson’s  Hospital  in  Fen  Chow,  China .  20,000 

Meet  increased  cost  of  administration  including  new  secretary .  . .  10,000 

Total  Increase  Needed  From  Church  Gifts . $400,000 

This  increase  represents  exactly  50  cents  per  year  per  mem¬ 
ber  of  our  churches — less  than  one  cent  per  week. 

The  Woman’s  Boards  are  in  similar  need  of  a  large  increase 
in  their  receipts,  and  a  total  of  at  least  $225,000  more  is  sought 
from  living  donors.  Their  pages  present  the  details  of  these 
needs. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


77 


Immediate  Needs  and  Opportunities 


Finish  This  Job 

1.  First  of  all  there  is  Dr.  Percy 
Watson’s  hospital  in  Fenchow, 
China.  In  his  furlough  year  suffi¬ 
cient  money  was  raised  to  meet 
the  estimated  cost  of  a  new  hos¬ 
pital.  The  story  told  by  Dr.  Wat¬ 
son  was  one  of  the  most  stirring 
in  the  Board’s  history.  For  seven 
years  he  had  worked  in  a  small 
room  with  inadequate  instruments, 
sometimes  on  a  mud  floor  operating 
on  a  plain  wooden  table  and  with 
patients  laid  in  nearby  sheds  in¬ 
stead  of  in  some  well  equipped 
ward  of  a  hospital. 

The  hospital  is  almost  com¬ 
pleted.  It  stands  as  a  monument 
to  the  generous  giving  of  hundreds 
of  Sunday  Schools  and  of  many 
individuals  but  solely  because  of 
the  drop  in  foreign  exchange  the 
money  has  given  out.  $10,000  must 
be  received  immediately  to  com¬ 
plete  the  roof  and  the  interior  of 
one  wing,  to  put  in  a  heating  plant, 
the  necessary  plumbing,  and  the 
equipment  of  the  hospital.  The 
Sunday  Schools  have  appealed  for 
$5,000  more  for  this  purpose.  It 
is  of  course  impossible  to  let  a 
task  remain  half  finished  when  the 
need  is  so  pressing. 

Support  These  Seven  Hospitals 

2.  In  the  Turkish  Empire  all 
of  our  hospitals  were  taken  over 
by  the  Near  East  Relief  when  they 
began  work.  They  furnished  a 
million  dollar’s  worth  of  new 
equipment  and  supplies  beside 
making  many  repairs  and  addi¬ 
tions  to  the  hospitals  as  they  stood. 
Now  their  work  must  be  concen¬ 
trated  on  relief  and  the  hospitals 
are  being  returned  to  the  Amer¬ 
ican  Board.  It  will  be  a  real  privi¬ 
lege  to  reassume  their  support. 

As  a  first  step  seven  new  doctors 
ought  to  be  discovered,  for  the  One- 
Man  Hospital  is  passing  away  in 


missionary  method.  Two  men 
must  now  be  placed  in  every  hos¬ 
pital  if  it  is  to  reach  modern  effi¬ 
cient  standards.  Of  this  year’s 
budget  $40,000  must  go  into  this 
one  need,  but  it  involves  the  work 
and  usefulness  of  seven  hospitals. 

Forward  March  in  Mindanao 

3.  The  work  in  the  Philippines 
has  often  been  told  to  the  churches. 
The  Sunday  Schools  built  a 
church  there  one  year.  We  know 
this  is  the  only  mission  under  the 
Flag  and  our  patriotism  adds  a 
new  impulse  in  this  one  field.  On 
the  northern  coast  line  of  1,000 
miles  no  hospital  exists.  Today 
we  are  reaching  the  towns  and  vil¬ 
lages,  are  founding  schools,  have 
organized  a  training  class  for  new 
workers,  but  the  mission  is  unani¬ 
mous  in  asking  that  a  hospital  be 
founded  at  Cagayan.  We  need  not 
less  than  $10,000  for  this  purpose. 
If  you  have  heard  Mr.  Laubach’s 
story  of  the  rich  opportunities  be¬ 
fore  us  in  Mindanao,  it  needs  no 
argument  to  be  convinced  that  the 
investment  must  be  made. 

Lift  Up  in  Mexico 

4.  In  Mexico  five  great  coun¬ 
ties  have  been  set  aside  as  the 
American  Board  field.  Coopera¬ 
tion  and  fair  play  exist  among  all 
Boards  at  work  in  the  territory  of 
this  nearest  neighbor.  Schools  are 
bringing  real  results.  Now  that 
Mexico  seems  to  be  given  a  new 
chance  for  peace  and  progress  our 
work  must  be  vigorously  pressed. 
In  no  country  are  the  values  of 
missionary  policy  more  evident. 
America  owes  an  obligation  to 
Mexico.  In  some  way  we  must 
help  our  neighbor  if  she  cannot 
help  herself.  The  missionary,  the 
village  schools  and  academies,  and 
the  training  of  native  Christian 
workers  will  do  more  than  bat- 


78 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


teries  of  guns  or  flying  columns  of 
troops  across  the  border. 

We  ought  to  add  thousands  of 
dollars  to  our  budget  this  year  for 
the  work  in  Mexico  if  the  increase 
asked  from  the  churches  can  be 
assured. 

Strengthen  India 

5.  In  India  the  special  appeals 
come  principally  from  the  educa¬ 
tional  institutions.  Madura  Col¬ 
lege  needs  considerable  sums  for 
expansion  and  development.  The 
Union  Theological  Training  School 
in  Pasumalai  under  Dr.  Banninga 
and  the  Training  and  High  Schools 
under  Rev.  John  X.  Miller,  ought 
to  be  aided  and  strengthened.  The 
Boarding  Schools  in  all  our  mis¬ 
sions  are  being  limited  in  useful¬ 
ness  for  lack  of  funds.  Warnings 
have  come  from  British  School  in¬ 
spectors  that  buildings  must  be 
repaired  and  equipment  improved 
if  government  grants  are  to  be  con¬ 
tinued.  The  educational  institu¬ 
tions  of  the  Marathi  Mission  need 
strengthening,  but  most  of  these 
appeals  cannot  be  answered  unless 
the  amount  now  in  sight  from  the 
churches  is  greatly  increased. 

Harvest  in  China 

6.  Paotingfu  Station,  in  China, 
is  one  of  our  most  pressing  oppor¬ 
tunities.  It  asks  for  an  increased 
evangelistic  force  and  the  employ¬ 
ment  of  more  native  f  workers. 
Money  ought  to  be  found  for  such 
special  chances..  Of  course  it  is 
folly  to  maintain  and  develop  a 
work  for  years  and  then  when  it 
prospers  and  offers  unusual  en¬ 
couragement  to  withhold  our  gifts. 
This  is  not  expansion,  it  is  only 
harvesting  in  fields  that  have  been 
plowed  and  sown  in  years  past.  It 
is  not  forgotten  that  Paotingfu  was 
the  martyr  station  of  the  North 
China  Mission  in  1900,  while  today 
it  has  the  most  favorable  outlook 
of  any  station  in  China. 


Provide  for  Our  Workers 

7.  In  many  fields  there  are  not 
houses  enough  for  the  missionaries. 
They  have  frequently  doubled  up 
by  two  families  living  in  one 
house.  Sometimes  native  quarters 
are  rented  but  this  year  we  must 
build  several  missionary  resi¬ 
dences.  In  one  mission  field  during 
the  past  year  the  lack  of  a  suit¬ 
able  house  and  property  for  the 
missionary  in  all  human  proba¬ 
bility  cost  us  the  life  of  one  of  the 
most  promising  mission  workers. 
The  request  is  for  $70,000  to  meet 
this  need. 

8.  Certain  salary  increases  have 
been  asked  for  in  fields  where  the 
increased  cost  of  living  has  reached 
the  point  of  desperation.  A  share 
of  the  appeal  to  the  churches  this 
year  is  in  the  name  of  these  over¬ 
burdened  workers  who  must  first 
of  all  be  supported  in  health  and 
in  efficiency. 

Uphold  Team  Play 

9.  The  Board  desires  to  co¬ 
operate  with  every  union  move¬ 
ment  in  our  districts  abroad.  In 
three  great  universities  in  China,  we 
share  the  support  with  several 
denominations.  Not  less  than 
$50,000  must  be  invested  in  these 
“power  houses”  for  the  future.  The 
training  of  leaders  for  the  coming 
generation  is  one  of  the  great 
achievements  of  educational  mis¬ 
sions. 

10.  Plans  have  been  wisely  made 
for  uniting  the  printing  presses  of 
all  mission  boards  into  one  great 
campaign  through  Christian  liter¬ 
ature  the  world  around..  A  portion 
of  the  expense  falls  to  us,  and  $14,- 
000  should  be  invested  in  this 
work,  if  the  churches  will  give  it. 
Otherwise  we  must  confess  that  we 
share  in  these  union  movements 
only  where  it  costs  us  little,  buf 
that  when  it  involves  increased 
giving  we  show  ourselves  the  door. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD  79 


TURKEY 


Congregational  Churches  Will  Fulfill  Prophecy  “Between 
the  Great  River,  the  River  Euphrates  and  the 
Sea  at  the  Going  Down  of  the  Sun” 


Achievement 

HROUGH  a  century  of  inten¬ 
sive  daring  and  consecrated 
effort  the  American  Board  has  built 
into  what  was  the  old  Turkish  Em¬ 
pire  institutions  of  religion,  educa¬ 
tion  and  Christian  civilization  of 
surpassing  significance.  The  Bible 
has  been  put  into  the  languages 
spoken  by  all  its  varied  peoples  and 
a  Christian  literature  created.  Edu¬ 
cational  plants  of  commanding- 
strength,  and  many  of  them  of  in¬ 
ternational  repute,  dot  the  country, 
and  evangelical  churches  with  in¬ 
fluential  associations  of  trained 
leaders  cover  the  entire  land. 
Through  periods  of  massacre  and 
horror  that  have  shocked  the  entire 
world,  the  missionaries,  by  remain¬ 
ing  at  their  posts  of  privilege  and 
duty,  have  mightily  preached,  often 
by  their  tragic  death,  the  Gospel 
of  renunciation  and  service.  No 
other  country  in  all  the  history  of 
missions  has  been  so  completely 
occupied  in  the  face  of  Moslem  op¬ 
position  and  traditional  fanaticism. 

Problems 

The  present  political  uncertainty 
constitutes  a  temporary  problem 
the  solution  of  which  does  not  rest 
with  the  American  Board.  Given 
a  government  that  guarantees  pro¬ 
tection  of  life  and  property,  and 
that  affords  liberty  of  conscience 
and  worship,  and  these  fifteen  mil¬ 
lion  people  of  many  races,  tongues 
and  religions  will  clamor  for  the  best 
best  we  have  of  that  which  will  save 
society  as  well  as  individuals.  That 
day  seems  not  far  remote.  The  ne¬ 
cessity  of  training  the  men  and 


women  in  and  of  the  country  for 
influential  positions  in  church,  so¬ 
ciety  and  state,  and  doing  this  in 
an  atmosphere  permeated  by  the 
spirit  and  devotion  of  the  Christ 
will  thrust  itself  upon  us  as  a 
mighty  but  supremely  rewarding 
task.  How  shall  this  be  done  and 
where?  What  shall  be  the  attitude 
toward  the  Christian  approach  to 
Moslems  in  the  face  of  the  persecu¬ 
tions  that  inevitably  will  follow 
open  profession  of  belief  in  Christ? 

What  shall  be  the  attitude  to  the 
Oriental  churches?  Shall  we  at- 
empt  to  divide  them  into  two 
camps,  the  orthodox  and  the  evan¬ 
gelicals,  or  shall  we  strive  to  get 
the  churches  themselves  to  adopt 
the  Bible  and  the  languages  under¬ 
stood  by  the  people,  insist  that  their 
clergy  shall  be  morally  upright  and 
educated,  and  that  in  their  beauti¬ 
ful  ritualistic  service  of  the  church 
there  shall  be  a  place  for  Christian 
instruction  of  the  worshippers? 
Missionaries  began  in  Turkey  under 
instructions  to  aid  the  existing 
churches  and  they  never  were  more 
needy  or  more  ready  than  today. 

Physical  reconstruction  after  all 
the  horrors  of  the  past  few  years 
will  require  time,  patience  and  sac¬ 
rifice.  Losses  have  been  over¬ 
whelming  throughout  wide  areas 
and  the  problem  is  to  raise  up  from 
the  wrecks  of  ruined  homes  and 
churches  and  schools  and  the  de¬ 
pleted  ranks  of  leaders  new  agen¬ 
cies  that  shall  surpass  those  which 
were  destroyed.  Master  builders 
must  be  secured  with  such  breadth 
of  vision  and  of  soul  that  no  task 
will  seem  insuperable. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


80 


Program 

1.  The  houses  in  which  our  mis¬ 
sionaries  live  must  be  made  sani¬ 
tarily  safe  so  that  their  splendid 
courage  and  daring  may  not  be  de¬ 
stroyed  by  wasting  disease  or  stalk¬ 
ing  pestilence. 

2.  A  new  supply  of  missionary 
doctors  and  nurses  must  be  sent  to 
meet  adequately  the  needs  of  the 
missionaries  themselves,  to  provide 
modern  medical  facilities  for  all 
classes  and  conditions.  This  means 
manning  the  seven  missionary  hos¬ 
pitals  now  in  the  hands  of  the  Near 
East  Relief  but  soon  to  be  returned 
to  the  Board. 


never  more  persistent  or  necessary. 
The  schools  must  be  continued. 

6.  Some  100,000  orphans,  nearly 
one-half  of  whom  are  without  any 
outside  means  of  support,  must  be 
cared  for  and  trained  in  a  manner 
adequate  to  the  country  and  the 
times.  The  Near  East  Relief  is  car¬ 
ing  for  these  just  now,  but  cannot 
be  expected  to  continue  as  an  educa¬ 
tional  or  a  missionary  organization. 
We  as  a  mission  Board  must  pre¬ 
pare  to  carry  on  the  education  of 
those  who  show  capacity  and  worth. 

7.  The  High  Schools  and  Col¬ 
leges,  in  all  the  country,  now  in 
operation  are  crowded  with  eager 


Our  Great  Plant  in  Marsovan 

One  of  Seven  Hospitals  Now  Returned  to  the  Board  by  the  Relief  Commission 


3.  An  annual  subsidy  must  be 
paid  to  each  of  these  hospitals  for  a 
few  years  until  the  people  recover 
from  the  shock  of  the  past  five 
years.  The  entire  country  is  desti¬ 
tute  of  modern  medicinal  and  sani¬ 
tary  facilities. 

4.  A  large  number  of  native  pas¬ 
tors  and  preachers  have  suffered 
martyrdom  while  others  have  lost 
everything  they  possessed  except 
their  life  and  their  trust  in  God. 
These  must  be  supported  in  large 
part  while  they  take  up  the  task  of 
reorganizing  the  churches  and  col¬ 
lecting  the  scattered  congregations. 

5.  The  schools  cannot  for  a  few 
years  be  self-supporting  in  the  same 
degree  they  were  before  the  war, 
while  eagerness  for  education  was 


students.  Prices  are  high  and  costs 
increase.  These  higher  institutions 
were  never  more  needed  for  laying 
the  foundation  of  a  new  civiliza¬ 
tion  for  the  Near  East. 

8.  Mohammedans  in  Turkey  are 
more  free  today  to  inquire  into  the 
promises  and  claims  of  Christianity 
than  they  have  been  for  a  century. 
A  spirit  of  religious  unrest  and  of 
honest  inquiry  is  in  the  air.  By  our 
sacred  commission  we  are  bound  to 
meet  this  surpassing  opportunity. 

9.  Costs  of  living  have  risen 
higher  in  Turkey  than  in  the 
United  States.  This  means  we  must 
give  more  for  the  support  of  the 
missionaries  that  they  may  do  their 
best  work  and  be  maintained  in 
their  maximum  strength  and  execu¬ 
tive  capacity. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


81 


THE  BALKANS 


Bulgaria,  Serbia,  Albania  and 
*  Greece 

THIS  brief  heading  must  be 
stretched  to  cover  four  out¬ 
standing  races  in  southeastern 
Europe,  the  Bulgarians,  the  Serbs, 
the  Greeks,  and  the  Albanians,  each 
with  its  separate  and  distinct  claim 
and  need. 


Bulgaria  Needs  Educated  Leaders 

We  have  a  mission  station  in  each 
one  of  these  countries,  manned  by 
missionaries,  and  equipped  with  the 
foundations  at  least,  of  a  wide¬ 
spread  work.  Moreover,  these 
fields  have  been  occupied  and  oper¬ 
ated  by  American  missionaries  dur¬ 
ing  the  entire  period  of  the  war 
which,  with  its  devastating  forces, 
raged  upon  all  sides. 


Now  peace  has  come  the  peoples 
themselves  urge  more  decisive  ac¬ 
tion.  The  Albanians  await  new 
families  of  missionaries  and  the 
opening  of  medical  work  and  mod¬ 
ern  schools.  The  Greeks  welcome 
us  to  Salonika  and  ask  that  we 
strengthen  the  educational  depart¬ 
ments  there.  The  Serbs  urge  that 
other  stations  than  Monastir  be 
opened  in  their  country  by  mission¬ 
aries  sent  wholly  for  work  among 
them. 

Bulgaria,  from  the  lowest  official 
up  to  and  including  the  King  him¬ 
self,  speaks  in  unstinted  terms  of 
the  nation’s  debt  to  the  American 
missionaries.  As  an  expression  of 
their  appreciation  and  desire  the 
Bulgarian  Parliament  in  June  of 
1920,  under  recommendation  of  the 
Minister  of  Education  and  the 
Prime  Minister,  by  special  act, 
gave  to  the  American  Board  Mis¬ 
sion  in  Bulgaria  a  valuable  tract  of 
some  fifty  acres  of  land  in  the  vicin¬ 
ity  of  the  capital,  Sofia,  to  which 
the  two  schools  at  Samokov  are  to 
be  transferred.  This  is  a  free  gift 
*  of  land  in  order  that  the  training  of 
Bulgarian  youth  by  American  mis¬ 
sionaries  may  be  more  effectively 
carried  on  in  close  proximity  to  the 
capital  of  the  country. 

The  entire  Balkan  field  which  ad¬ 
vanced  but  little  during  the  terrible 
years  of  the  war  is  now  demanding 
substantial  added  support  in  order 
to  meet  the  demands  of  eager  peo¬ 
ple  emerging  from  conditions  of  de¬ 
pression  into  a  new  hope. 


These  countries  must  be  given  an  educational  and  Christian 
literature.  Modern  school  facilities  under  Christian  auspices  are 
imperative  for  progress  and  good  order.  The  schools  of  Samokov 
must  be  provided  a  permanent  home  at  Sofia  where  suitable 
buildings  will  need  to  be  erected  for  both  the  schools  and  for  the 
teachers  in  charge.  New  missionaries  must  be  found  and  com¬ 
missioned.  These  rapidly  developing  peoples  must  be  aided  now 
to  advance  in  the  right  direction,  not  only  for  their  own  sakes, 
but  for  the  peace  and  good  order  of  Europe  and  the  world. 


82 _ THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 

OUR  TWO  SMALLEST  MISSIONS 

Call  for  Help 


Czechoslovakia 

HIS  Mission  of  the  Board  has 
perhaps  had  a  greater  reflex 
influence  upon  America  than  any 
other,  as  it  has  supplied  so  many 
honored  Christian  leaders  in  our 
life  here.  Always  a  small  Mission, 
with  no  institutional  work,  and 
laboring  against  heavy  odds,  its 
spiritual  output  has  been  little  short 
of  marvelous.  Now  under  most 
favorable  circumstances  in  a  land 
of  freedom  under  republican  laws 
and  among  a  people  almost  as 
eager  for  spiritual  guidance  as  for 
modern  education,  this  “one-man 
mission’7  offers  a  stimulating  op¬ 
portunity  to  those  peculiarly  inter¬ 
ested  in  the  land  of  John  Huss. 

The  call  is  not  for  men — as 
the  churches  of  the  land  are  at 
present  sufficient  to  the  task — 
but  for  funds. 

The  salaries  of  the  twenty-five 
pastors  and  colporters  dependent 
upon  us  must  be  increased.  For 
this  some  $2,000  is  required.  Our 
share  in  subsidizing  a  Bible  training 
school  calls  for  $500.  Buildings 
too  must  be  rented,  involving  sev¬ 
eral  thousands  more. 

In  this  field,  every  dollar  we  in¬ 
vest  is  helping  to  reconstruct  one  of 
the  new  wards  of  the  allied  powers. 
The  victory  of  1918  implies  a  duty 
for  us  here  and  now. 


Spain 

HE  Mission  to  Spain  began  in 
1872.  The  missionaries  now 
number  five,  two  of  whom,  Mr.  and 
Mrs.  Bowers,  reside  in  Bilbao;  and 
the  others,  the  Misses  Morrison, 
Webb  and  Eaton,  at  Barcelona. 
There  are  twenty-one  Spanish 
workers  including  five  ordained 
men.  The  Protestant  churches  con¬ 
nected  with  the  mission  number 
only  six  with  less  than  300  mem¬ 
bers.  About  800  pupils  are  in  the 
six  grade  schools  and  some  300  in 
the  girl’s  school. 

We  are  well  located  in  the  midst 
of  Spain’s  expanding  industrial  sec¬ 
tion.  Thousands  about  us,  rebelling 
against  the  Church  of  Rome  or 
lured  away  into  materialistic  life, 
are  open  to  evangelical  effort  if  to 
any  religious  appeal  at  all.  The 
Mission  pleads  for  American  grit 
and  progress  in  our  task. 

A  program  adopted  by  the  Board 
involves  uniting  with  other  Protes¬ 
tant  bodies  in  a  union  Bible  Train¬ 
ing  Institute  at  Madrid ;  adding  an¬ 
other  family  to  the  force;  securing 
funds  for  aggressive  work  in  the  in¬ 
dustrial  part  of  Bilbao;  and  eventu¬ 
ally  in  starting  a  boy’s  school. 


Funds  are  needed  at  once  for: — 

1.  Increase  of  salaries  of  Spanish  pastors  and  teachers. 

2.  Repairs  and  equipment  on  schools  and  churches. 

3.  New  buildings  at  strategic  centres. 

4.  Subsidizing  of  a  union  evangelical  periodical. 

5.  Scholarships  for  students  at  Madrid. 

6.  Our  share  in  staff  and  running  expense  of  the 

Madrid  Seminary. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


83 


MEXICO 


MEXICO  is  of  special  concern 
to  the  people  of  America. 
Shall  we  act  the  part  of  the  Good 
Samaritan?  Exploited  by  its  con¬ 
querors,  benighted  by  its  Church 
and  abused  by  its  own  leaders  it 
needs  our  moral  support  and  our 
missionary  assistance.  Protestants 
have  given  it  the  Bible  and  educa¬ 
tion  to  some  degree  for  over  fifty 
years.  Evangelical  mission  bodies 
have  united  in  working  out  a  plan 
of  cooperation  never  excelled  in  the 
annals  of  missionary  history. 

The  Congregational  Branch  of 
the  Evangelical  Church  is  begin¬ 


ning  anew  in  Mexico.  Our  few 
churches  are  as  yet  small  and  weak ; 
our  few  schools  are  pathetically  in¬ 
adequate;  yet  the  courage  of  the 
little  Mexican  Mission  is  inspir- 
ingly  grand. 

We  face  a  bigger  and  harder  task 
than  we  did  before  we  exchanged 
territory  with  the  Southern  Meth¬ 
odists  in  the  interests  of  comity. 
Instead  of  enlarging  our  mission 
forces  we  are  weaker  than  we  were 
twenty-five  years  ago  when  Con¬ 
gregationalisms  were  making  history 
in  the  Republic  below  the  border. 


The  City  of  Mazatlan 
We  Should  Develop  a  Great  Station  Here 

A  MINIMUM  PROGRAM  CALLS  FOR:— 


1.  The  development  of  Mazatlan  on  the  west  coast. 

2.  A  system  of  graded  day  schools  and  an  industrial  and 
agricultural  institute  in  Sinaloa  or  Sonora. 

3.  An  adequate  staffing  and  equipping  of  our  Colegio  In- 
temacional  at  Guadalajara. 

4.  Funds  to  aid  the  scattered  congregations. 

5.  A  large  general  increase  in  appropriations  for  touring, 
Sunday  school  and  church  supervision,  lay  training. 

6.  Men  and  money  required  for  meeting  our  share  in  union 
enterprises  such  as  publication  work  and  the  training  of  pastors. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


PHILIPPINE  ISLANDS 


Achievement 

INCE  1903  Congregationalists 
in  the  Philippines  have  had  a 
paramount  responsibility  for  Min¬ 
danao,  an  island  in  the  south  as 
large  as  Maine  in  area  and  popula¬ 
tion,  an  Eldorado  for  the  Filipino, 
the  home  of  the  pagan  highlander, 
and  the  stronghold  of  the  Moham¬ 
medan  Moro.  At  present  some  14 
missionaries  reside  at  Davao  and 
Cagayan,  the  two  stations  of  the 


of  towns  along  that  coast  welcome 
our  missionaries  and  their  Filipino 

associates. 

Problems 

The  demand  for  evangelists  and 
pastors  is  so  great  as  to  make  quite 
urgent  the  need  of  developing  a 
training  institute;.  There  are 
literally  hundreds  waiting  to  come 
into  the  church.  The  Board  has 
waited  over  fifteen  years  for  the 


Types  of  Future  Leaders 

Each  One  in  This  Group  Speaks  a  Different  Dialect 


Mission.  A  good  medical  work  is 
carried  on  at  Davao  and  a  hospital 
will  soon  be  planted  at  Cagayan. 
Educational  work  has  been  mostly 
confined  to  small  day  schools  at 
both  stations  and  to  theological  in¬ 
struction.  Evangelistic  work  in 
the  south  has  not  advanced  so  rap¬ 
idly  as  on  the  northern  coast  where 
thousands  during  the  American  oc¬ 
cupation  broke  away  from  the  Ro¬ 
man  Catholic  Church  to  form  a 
national  church  and  have  been  pe¬ 
culiarly  open  to  the  Gospel.  Scores 


ability  to  seize  this  opportunity. 
Wherever  missionaries  have  given 
them  a  chance  these  drifting  Fili¬ 
pinos  have  flocked  into  the  church. 
Especially  are  there  young  Filipino 
students  responding,  set  free  from 
mediaeval  superstition  by  the  Amer¬ 
ican  public  schools  of  the  Philip¬ 
pines;  these  are  children  spiritually 
famished.  The  missionaries  declare 
that  they  are  the  easiest  people  to 
lead  to  Christ  in  the  world  if  they 
are  reached  before  cynical  atheism 
has  set  in. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


85 


Program 

The  Mission  has  sent  an  S.  O.  S.  call  for  help.  It  is 
scouring  colleges  and  high  schools  in  all  parts  of  the 
islands  for  natives  who  can  be  trained  for  the  ministry. 

Patriotism  demands  that  we  adequately  support  this 
one  mission  under  the  flag. 

The  Board  has  agreed  to  a  plan  for  training  lay  work¬ 
ers  and  pastors  involving  our  sending  young  men  to  Silli- 
man  Institute  and  to  the  Union  Theological  Seminary  at 
Manila. 


Elizabeth  Baldwin  Jane  Baldwin 

Two  Heroines  ofi  Modern  Missions 
Have  Given  Lives  of  Service  to  the  Island  World 


While  large  demands  cannot  be 
met  today  we  must  soon  meet  the 
challenge  of  this  mission  for  men 
for  Cagayan  and  for  the  opening 
of  a  station  among  the  Moro;  for 
funds  for  two  student  dormitories, 
three  missionary  residences,  a 
goodly  number  of  scholarships,  and 
especially  an  increase  in  the  appro¬ 
priations  for  general  work. 

Micronesia 

Let  us  not  forget  the  little  island 
work  of  the  Board  in  the  far  Paci¬ 
fic.  It  used  to  be  large,  requiring 
large  boats  like  the  “Morning 
Star.”  Now  it  is  confined  to  the 
Marshall  Islands  just  north  of  the 
equator,  and  to  one  training 


school,  that  on  Kusaie  of  the  Car¬ 
oline  group. 

A  printing  press  is  required  for 
the  supply  of  textbooks  for  our 
schools  and  of  Christian  reading 
matter  for  the  few  thousand  island¬ 
ers  under  our  spiritual  care. 

We  should  find  and  send  an  or¬ 
dained  missionary  there  at  once. 
None  is  there  at  present.  He 
should  know  Japanese  as  the 
islands  are  now  governed  by 
Japan. 

We  shoud  give  the  Mission  a 
Gospel  auxiliary  schooner.  It  is 
an  indispensable  means  of  super¬ 
vising  the  island  field  and  bringing 
together  pupils  from  the  various 
groups  for  educational  purposes. 


86 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


AFRICA 

Two  Pressing  Questions 

Paganism 

Exploitation 

or 

or 

Christianity? 

Evangelization? 

Achievement 

AMONG  the  virile  Zulus  of  Na¬ 
tal  (and  the  Transvaal)  where 
work  began  in  1835  American  Con- 
gregationalists  have  twenty  cen¬ 
tral  stations  and  over  a  hundred 
outstations,  37  missionaries,  and 
890  native  workers.  There  are 
some  6,700  professing  Christians  in 
about  thirty  organized  churches, 
and  about  7,000  students  under  in¬ 
struction.  Amanzimtoti  Institute 
at  Adams  has  become  a  “Hamp¬ 
ton.”  The  Social  Service  Centre  at 
Johannesburg  is  acquiring  reality; 
and  a  beginning  is  being  made  at 
Durban  of  the  only  Christian  med¬ 
ical  school  for  natives  in  South 
Africa.  A  good  plant  is  therefore 
at  the  disposal  of  those  who  would 
Christianize  the  Zulu  before  “civ¬ 
ilization”  destroys  him. 

In  Rhodesia  farther  north,  and 
across  the  line  in  Portuguese  East 
Africa,  a  mission  has  been  develop¬ 
ing  the  past  25  years.  Its  central 
plant  at  Mt.  Silinda  presents  prob¬ 
ably  the  best  possibilities  for  in¬ 
dustrial-agricultural  training  for 
natives  under  Christian  auspices 
anywhere  in  South  Africa.  With 
its  great  farms  and  forest  and 
trained  leadership  it  ought  to  meet 
the  peculiar  needs  of  the  Ndau 
peoples.  The  results  of  the  mis¬ 


sion’s  work  are  not  yet  so  evident 
as  in  Natal,  but  with  more  than  a 
thousand  boys  and  girls  under  the 
constant  influence  of  over  twenty 
missionaries  and  fifty  native 
leaders  some  substantial  gains  are 
bound  to  come.  Scores  of  thou¬ 
sands  of  “raw  heathen”  are  acces¬ 
sible  to  Congregationalists  in  this 
part  of  Africa. 

The  West  Central  Africa  Mis¬ 
sion  since  1880  has  tried  in  vain  to 
cover  the  vast  territory  open  to 
missionary  influence,  yet  it  has  de¬ 
veloped  six  central  stations  and  has 
a  work  in  its  160  outstations  of  re¬ 
markable  power.  Some  industrial 
and  agricultural  instruction  is  given 
in  over  150  schools  to  nearly  8,500 
pupils.  Central  boarding  schools 
are  developing,  and  to  cap  the  cli¬ 
max  there  now  is  the  Currie  Insti¬ 
tute  at  Dondi.  The  field  has  almost 
constantly  something  like  a  mass 
movement  going  on,  as  whole  vil¬ 
lages  come  asking  for  Christian 
schools.  A  native  church  of  2,000 
members  with  some  460  native 
workers  assist  the  44  members  of 
the  mission  in  an  effort  to  cover  the 
field. 

Problem 

The  main  problem  we  face  in 
Africa  is  too  familiar  to  dwell  upon. 
How  can  the  native  produce  such 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


character,  ability  and  grace  as  will 
break  down  white  prejudice  and 
allow  him  full  opportunity  for  self- 
expression?  This  calls  for  a  “dem¬ 
onstration”  work  which  in  turn  de¬ 
mands  untiring  patience.  Educa¬ 
tionally  all  training  must  point 
toward  the  supply  of  a  faithful 
efficient  laboring  class  for  the  many 
and  of  a  few  choice  leaders  for  out¬ 
standing  positions  in  all  walks  of 
life;  and  gradually  to  the  uplift  of 
the  entire  race. 

Our  Africa  work  calls  for  strat¬ 
egy  of  high  order.  There  must  be 
adequate  missionary  occupation.  We 
still  have  large  fields  to  cover.  No 
one  knows  the  number  of  people  in¬ 
volved  in  these  Africa  territories 


87 


of  ours.  They  number  hundreds  of 
thousands  who  need  Jesus  Christ. 

Strategy  calls  too  for  an  awak¬ 
ened  native  church  through  an  im¬ 
proved  native  leadership.  The 
spiritual  condition  of  the  churches 
is  a  reason  for  anxiety.  Many  are 
but  marking  time,  some  slipping 
back.  Adjustments  to  modern  life 
weaken  the  moral  fibre  of  not  a 
few.  The  churches  need,  however, 
more  than  a  purifying  and  energiz¬ 
ing;  they  hunger  for  new  vision,  a 
consciousness  of  a  big  mission,  and 
for  evangelistic  aggressiveness.  To 
meet  this  demand  for  improved 
leadership,  we  should  provide  better 
training  for  the  ministry. 


An  African  Kraal 

The  Gospel  Transforms  Home  Life  in  the  Dark  Continent 

The  Program 

Increase  appropriations  for  the  general  work  of  the  Board, 
thus  providing  for  better  church  and  school  and  settlement  work. 

Provide  residences  for  missionaries  and  better  housing  for 
native  helpers;  buildings  for  the  theological  department  of 
Amanzimtoti;  dormitories  for  West  Africa  schools  and  school 
building  for  Chikore,  Rhodesia. 

Johannesburg  needs  financial  assistance,  and  the  medical 
work  within  the  three  mission  fields  calls  for  funds  which  cannot 
be  secured  from  fees.  Nor  must  we  forget  the  plan  of  reoccupy¬ 
ing  Beira  and  of  evangelizing  Portuguese  East  Africa. 


88 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


INDIA  AND  CEYLON 


TO  one  view  India  is  a  big 
human  ant-hill,  seething  with 
unrest.  To  another  and  a  truer 
view  it  reveals  a  depressed  and 
inert  people  wakening  to  a  desire 
for  a  better  life  in  this  modern 
world. 

An  inextricable  mixture,  it  has 
seemed,  of  races,  religions,  castes; 
Hindus,  Moslems,  Buddhists,  Parsis 
and  Christians,  separated  into 
water-tight  compartments  by  the 
rigid  bonds  of  caste.  A  people  with 
no  hope  of  national  unity. 

But  within  a  year  Britain  has 
opened  wonderfully  the  civil  and 
military  government  of  India  to  the 
participation  of  her  native  people. 
Indian  leaders  are  to  fill  a  host  of 
offices.  Self-government  is  the  goal 
that  is  prompting  a  national  spirit. 

There  is  a  new  day  in  India  and 
Ceylon.  Education  is  the  watch¬ 
word.  Compulsory  education  is 
now  the  program  that  affects  every 
community  and  family.  It  is  the 
key  that  is  opening  doors  for  the 
missionary  and  pressing  new  re¬ 
sponsibilities  on  the  mission  boards. 
There  were  over  14,000  Protestant 
missionary  schools  of  all  grades  in 
India  and  Ceylon  in  1916  attended 
by  over  650,000  pupils. 

Accomplishment 

The  American  Board’s  first  mis¬ 
sion  was  located  in  India.  It  was 
a  desperately  hard  field  in  which 
to  start.  More  missionaries  died 
than  converts  were  made  in  the 
first  twenty  years.  It  consumed 
lives  and  money  with  small  appar¬ 
ent  results.  The  wonder  is  that  the 
founders  kept  on. 

To-day  the  Board  maintains 
three  established  missions  in  this 
field  of  350  million  people:  the 
Marathi  and  Madura  missions  in 
India  and  the  Jaffna  mission  in 


Ceylon.  The  figures  show  28  mis¬ 
sion  stations,  130  missionaries,  121 
churches,  20,000  church  members, 
497  schools  of  all  grades,  24,000 
pupils,  and  native  contributions 
amounting  to  $57,000. 

There  have  grown  up  strong  and 
productive  schools  of  higher  educa¬ 
tion  for  the  preparation  of  teachers 
and  preachers  and  for  the  upbuild¬ 
ing  of  Christian  communities; 
schools  like  the  American  College 
at  Madura  with  its  extensive 
grounds,  its  substantial  buildings, 
its  staff  of  foreign  and  native 
teachers  and  its  impressive  student 
body;  or  like  the  High  and  Train¬ 
ing  School  and  the  Theological 
School  at  Pasumalai  hard  by,  a 
veritable  beehive  of  educational  ac¬ 
tivity,  whose  stream  of  graduates 
enriches  all  the  Christian  work  of 
the  Madura  field. 

Similarly  the  Divinity  College 
and  the  Union  Training  School  at 
Ahmednagar  in  the  Marathi  mis¬ 
sion  and  Jaffna  College  in  Ceylon, 
are  power-houses  of  immeasurable 
value.  They  represent  an  achieve¬ 
ment  in  the  winning  of  place,  con¬ 
fidence  and  influence  that  cannot  be 
put  into  words. 

Then  there  are  the  hospitals  and 
dispensaries;  the  work  for  lepers, 
for  criminal  tribes,  for  widows  and 
orphans;  the  industrial  plants  and 
schools,  blind  schools,  social  ser¬ 
vice  movements;  all  the  varied  min¬ 
istries  which  local  need  and  mis¬ 
sionary  ingenuity  have  prompted 
for  the  saving  and  developing  of 
life  under  Christian  auspices,  an 
accomplishment  to  make  glad  every 
generous  heart. 

Numbers  do  not  tell  the  story  or 
give  much  impression  of  it:  twenty- 
eight  mission  stations!  Look  at 
just  one  of  them — Aruppukottai 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


89 


A  Sad  Contrast 

This  is  the  Catholic  Church  Building,  a  Short  Distance  From  Our  Imposing  Struc¬ 
ture  On  the  Next  Page 


in  the  Madura  mission:  center  of  a 
field  25  by  50  miles  in  area,  with 
a  population  of  330,000,  divided 
into  30  castes.  The  Christian  com¬ 
munity  numbers  8,398;  seven  pas¬ 
torates,  each  with  an  ordained, 
English  speaking,  Indian  minister; 
with  each  minister  an  average  of 
twenty-three  Indian  lay  workers; 
140  village  congregations  and  60 
village  schools.  At  the  center,  the 
Aruppukottai  Boarding  School  with 
over  200  pupils.  In  charge  of  this 
work  only  three  missionaries — a 
man  and  his  wife,  and  a  single  lady. 
And  they  are  the  only  white  people 
in  the  area.  With  insufficient  staff 
and  meagre  equipment  results  have 
been  secured  that  are  almost  in¬ 
credible. 

Most  significant  of  all  and  most 
promising  is  the  fact  that  in  all 


three  of  these  missions  a  Christian 
church  has  been  established  that  is 
fast  coming  to  self-reliance,  self¬ 
development  and  self-sacrifice.  In 
the  case  of  all  three  missions  organ¬ 
izations  are  now  definitely  and 
rapidly  passing  responsibility  and 
control  into  the  hands  of  the  people 
of  the  land.  MISSIONS  HAVE 
KEPT  PACE  WITH  GOVERN¬ 
MENT  IN  THIS  REGARD; 
MORE  OFTEN  HAVE  LED  THE 
WAY! 

We  are  seeing  now,  strong  and 
promising  young  men  of  India,  sons 
of  the  missions  and  the  Indian 
churches,  going  back,  after  brilliant 
careers  as  students  in  this  country, 
to  take  up  work  with  the  missions, 
identifying  themselves  with  their 
people  and  working  among  them 
and  for  them. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


90 


Problems : 

The  problems  largely  grow  out 
of  the  successes;  the  problem  is  that 
of  the  growing  work ;  how  can  it  be 
adequately  provided  for. 

Recall  the  Aruppukottai  Board¬ 
ing  School.  Buildings  are  inade¬ 
quate:  meant  to  accommodate  40, 
they  now  contain  214  pupils  and 
not  less  than  400  are  foreseen  as 
coming  for  instruction.  With  quar¬ 
ters  crowded  and  unsanitary,  and 
with  equipment  meagre  and  behind 
the  times,  something  must  be  done 
for  this  school.  Plans  for  its  im¬ 
provement  call  for  $35,000:  to  pro¬ 
vide  a  complete  plant  for  boys  and 
girls.  And  at  every  other  station  of 
the  Madura  mission  there  is  a  sim¬ 
ilar  need;  the  boarding  school  prob¬ 
lem  is  urgent  everywhere. 

The  pressure  of  higher  education¬ 
al  requirements  and  of  compulsory 
education  in  Madras  presidency  and 
Ceylon  are  being  felt  by  mission 
schools  of  every  grade  throughout 
India  and  Ceylon.  They  are  all 


calling  for  more  and  better 
teachers;  for  funds  to  help  worthy 
but  poor  students;  for  more  ade¬ 
quate  facilities  to  meet  the  task 
that  each  year  makes  both  heavier 
and  more  challenging. 

The  problem  of  the  staff  in  India 
and  Ceylon  fields  is  at  present  most 
difficult.  Through  losses  by  death 
and  enforced  withdrawals  these 
three  missions  are  so  depleted  that 
those  left  on  the  fields  are  stagger¬ 
ing  under  the  extra  loads  they  must 
carry.  Important  and  inspiring 
posts  of  service  are  waiting  to-day 
for  someone  to  come  to  them.  We 
need  the  men  and  women,  the 
money  to  send  them  out  and  main¬ 
tain  them,  and  the  necessary  equip¬ 
ment  to  make  their  work  fully  fruit¬ 
ful.  Costs  of  travel  are  heavy,  costs 
of  living  have  increased  terrifically : 
it  is  expensive  business  now  to  do 
anything  anywhere  in  the  world. 
But  we  cannot  give  up  or  curtail  a 
growing  and  rewarding  work  into 
which  a  hundred  years  of  sacrifice 
and  toil  have  been  put. 


A  Sad  Contrast 

This  is  Our  Church.  Its  Architectural  Features  Are  Holes  and  Mud.  This  need 

Cries  Help!  to  Someone 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


91 


92 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


Program 

i 

Notwithstanding  the  reduced 
staff  of  missionaries  on  the  fields 
and  their  fierce  problem  of  main¬ 
taining  the  work  in  hand  with  the 
workers  and  funds  available,  they 
are  not  settling  down  in  discourage¬ 
ment  or  just  doggedly  holding  on. 
They  have  their  plans  to  meet  the 
new  times  and  chances.  And  the 
American  Board  has  reviewed  and 
approved  many  of  these  plans. 

It  has  recognized  the  need  of  re¬ 
enforcing  the  missionary  staff:  fill¬ 
ing  up  the  gaps  and  adding  at  least 
one  or  two  here  and  there.  But  that 
will  mean  an  increased  expense  of 
not  less  than  $10,000.  The  Board 
recognizes  that  at  the  heart  of  its 
work  lies  the  maintenance  of  its 
general  activities;  the  upkeep  of 
small  village  schools;  the  aid  of 
struggling  village  churches;  the 
maintaining  in  part  at  least  of  na- 
tive  workers,  evangelists,  preachers, 
teachers.  It  is  imperative  to  sus¬ 
tain  this  fundamental  cultivation  of 


the  field  which  is  not  spectacular  or 
pretentious,  but  which  brings  re¬ 
sults.  With  the  higher  cost  of 
everything  it  is  necessary  if  there 
is  not  to  be  retreat  here,  that  a 
larger  allotment  should  be  made  to 
general  work ;  that  for  next  year  the 
sum  of  not  less  than  $10,000  extra 
be  appropriated  to  these  three  mis¬ 
sions  to  make  vigorous  all  their  ac¬ 
tivities. 

The  higher  schools  and  institu¬ 
tions  have  their  indisputable  needs. 
The  plans  for  the  Madura  Boarding 
Schools  have  been  approved;  and 
for  the  American  College  at  Ma¬ 
dura;  and  for  the  commanding 
schools  at  Pasumalai;  for  the  High, 
Training  and  Divinity  schools  at 
Ahmednagar;  for  the  removal  and 
reconstruction  of  the  important 
High  School  at  Bombay;  for  the 
safeguarding  from  threatened  gov¬ 
ernment  closing  of  unsatisfactory 
village  schools  in  Ceylon;  these  are 
but  some  of  the  outstanding  and 
pressing  matters  that  are  listed  and 
waiting  for  provision. 


The  American  Board  faces  a  condition  in  India  and  Ceylon 
that  calls  for  prompt  and  adequate  attention.  It  is  a  day  of 
change;  of  opportunity  for  those  who  will  seize  it;  of  loss  for 
those  who  neglect  or  delay.  The  work  of  a  hundred  and  nine 
years  gives  the  Board  a  special  and  enviable  chance.  It  has 
the  institutions,  the  contacts,  the  organization,  and  the  experi¬ 
enced  leaders  with  which  to  engage  magnificently  in  the  redemp¬ 
tion  of  India.  The  program  is  clear  to  those  leaders;  they  know 
what  they  want  to  do;  they  are  ready  to  go  ahead.  The  Board 
approves  of  them  and  their  plans.  What  is  wanted  is  support. 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


93 


JAPAN 


Progress 

HEN  the  Congregationalists 
began  work  in  Japan  in  1869 
the  religion  of  Jesus  was  “strict¬ 
ly  forbidden”  because  “corrupt”; 
now  it  is  a  naturalized  and  honored 
religion  open  to  all.  Fifty  years 
ago  our  pioneer  missionaries  were 
frowned  upon  and  resisted;  now 
they  are  welcomed  everywhere  by 
the  people  and  some  have  been  dec¬ 
orated  by  the  Emperor.  The  first 
foothold  for  Christian  work  at  Kobe 
was  secured  with  difficulty;  now 
there  have  been  planted  twelve 
mission  stations,  all  located  at 
strategic  centers  within  the  Empire, 
and  the  75  missionaries  are  face  to 
face  with  greater  opportunities  than 
can  be  met.  The  tiny  group  of 
Congregationalists  of  a  half  cen¬ 
tury  ago  has  grown  into  250  organ¬ 
ized  churches  called  Kumiai,  whose 
membership  in  Japan  proper  is 
22,000  and  in  Korea  over  15,000, 
and  whose  “parishes”  contain  thou¬ 
sands  more  Japanese  and  Koreans; 
an  ecclesiastical  organization  virile 
and  aggressive,  spending  more 
money  on  Congregational  enter¬ 
prises  than  does  the  American 
Board;  a  small  but  independent 
self-directing  missionary  unit 
reaching  out  into  Korea,  Man¬ 
churia,  Formosa,  the  islands  of  the 
sea,  and  even  into  China.  A  Jap¬ 
anese  church  organized  and  ready, 
with  an  American  mission  of  68 
members  keeping  step  beside  it. 

Educationally  too,  broad  founda¬ 
tions  have  been  laid  for  a  sound  ad¬ 
vance.  In  comparison  with  that 
small  beginning  in  the  early  Sev¬ 
enties  we  note :  a  kindergarten 
training  school  and  six  kindergar¬ 
tens;  several  girl’s  schools;  a  col¬ 
lege  for  young  women;  a  training 


institute  for  women  evangelistic 
workers ;  and  to  crown  all,  the 
famous  Doshisha,  a  Christian  uni¬ 
versity  fully  recognized  by  Govern¬ 
ment,  granting  degrees  and  perme¬ 
ating  the  land  wih  Christian  ideals 
and  spirit.  Nor  must  we  forget  a 
Christian  social  settlement,  two 
night  schools,  a  large  orphanage  and 
several  other  philanthropic  institu¬ 
tions  created  through  the  spirit  and 
genius  of  Congregationalists  in 
Japan.  “Education  plus  Christ!” 

Need 

Japan  issues  from  the  war  with 
two  big  reconstruction  problems; 
one  affecting  her  soul  at  home,  the 
other  affecting  her  life  abroad.  In¬ 
ternally  she  has  been  shaken  to  her 
very  foundations.  Her  German 
system  has  been  disregarded  though 
not  discarded.  Forces  of  democ¬ 
racy  have  been  let  loose  and  a  mad 
rush  for  gold  has  set  in.  Japan 
needs  spiritual  renewal  and  knows 
it. 

Japan  Needs  Jesus  Christ 

Under  the  stimulus  of  war  trade, 
for  example,  she  has  developed  into 
a  manufacturing  nation.  Factories 
line  her  railways  and  waterways; 
black  smoke  shrouds  her  hills; 
ships  cover  her  seas;  materialistic 
industrialism  threatens  her  family 
md  social  structure,  indeed  her  very 
national  morale.  Here  is  a  people 
lusting  for  gold  and  power,  yet  with 
no  adequate  moral  standard  or  re¬ 
ligious  dynamic.  Indeed  over  75 
per  cent,  of  her  future  leaders, 
students  of  Japan,  are  said  to  have 
plunged  into  agnosticism  or  to  have 
become  atheists  altogether.  How 
shall  Japan  save  her  soul?  Her 
moral  and  spiritual  needs  are  ter¬ 
ribly  urgent. 


94 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


Japan  Needs  Jesus  Christ 

Externally  too,  Japan  has  to  re¬ 
construct  her  ways.  She  has  come 
through  the  war  with  a  new  inter¬ 
national  vantage.  She  means  now 
to  capitalize  her  strategic  position. 
This  cannot  be  done  in  the  old  way ; 
a  new  path  must  be  followed.  For 


TEMPLE.  PINE  TREE,  AND  TORII 

Japan's  Future  Effects  the  World 

this  she  needs  an  international 
mind  and  life  such  as  will  create 
confidence  throughout  the  world  in 
her  purpose  and  ability  to  lead  the 
East. 

Japan  Needs  Jesus  Christ 

To  meet  this  situation  there  are 
not  half  a  million  Christians  among 

WE  MUST: 


the  90  millions  of  the  Japanese  Em¬ 
pire.  The  Kumiai  church  finds  it¬ 
self  too  small  even  to  meet  its  share 
of  the  task.  Our  Kumiai  brethren 
call  for  more  missionaries  of  the 
“right  sort”;  that  is,  for  true  sons 
and  daughters  of  freedom  trained 
to  distinguish  between  liberty  and 
license;  for  real  Americans  who 
hate  class  distinction  and  rise  above 
race  prejudice;  for  Christ's  inter¬ 
nationalists  who  can  so  love  as  to 
be  willing  to  sacrifice  in  this  hardest 
of  mission  fields  rather  than  to  see 
Asia  misdirected  and  paganized  by 
a  Christless  military  despotism. 
What  shall  be  our  attitude  under 
such  circumstances?  Shall  we  try 
merely  to  hold  our  ground  or  shall 
we  advance?  At  present  the  Board 
is  doing  neither.  Two  stations  are 
without  missionaries ;  death  and 
withdrawal  are  reducing  the  ranks; 
high  prices  are  threatening  the  loss 
of  Japanese  workers  and  affecting 
the  morale  of  the  Mission.  In  the 
interests  of  China  and  Manchuria, 
in  behalf  of  world  peace,  to  help 
hold  Japan  and  America  together 
as  friends,  and  above  all  to  bring 
life  to  this  proud  but  needy  leader 
of  the  Orient,  shall  not  Christian 
America  advance  rather  than  re¬ 
treat  in  its  missionary  work  for 
Japan? 


The  Plan 


First,  increase  the  salaries  for  missionaries  and  their  Japan  associates. 
Morale  and  efficiency  call  for  the  assurance  of  a  living  wage. 

Second,  fill  the  gaps  in  the  mission  ranks;  reopen  stations. 

Third,  provide  buildings  and  equipment  for  the  institutions  under 
the  care  of  the  Board,  and  render  liberal  assistance  to  Doshisha. 

Fourth,  provide  funds  in  generous  measure  for  the  publication  and 
distribution  of  Christian  literature  for  Japan’s  great  reading  public. 

Fifth,  develop  social  service  demonstration  centers  in  the  expanding 
industrial  sections  of  Japan  where  the  Board  is  now  planted. 

Sixth,  last,  but  first  in  the  thought  of  the  7nission,  carry  out  the  plan 
of  expansion  in  the  promising  northern  field,  the  Hokkaido,  this  including 
the  development  of  a  middle  school  for  boys  and  a  training  institute  for 
Christian  workers. 


■ 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


95 


CHINA 


America  Has  Preserved  the  Political  Integrity  of  China 
in  the  Past.  Today  We  Bring  Schools,  Hospitals 
and  the  Gospel  of  Christ  Through  the 
Missionary  Enterprise 


IT  matters  everything  what  hap¬ 
pens  to  the  Christian  Move¬ 
ment  in  China.  One  quarter  of  the 
human  race  is  there.  And  that 
quarter  is  moving.  Political 
changes  reveal  a  new  national  as¬ 
piration  and  inspire  fresh  hope  that 
China  may  now  be  on  the  way  to 
becoming  a  real  self-governing  re¬ 
public. 

Her  threefold  want  is  patriotism, 
public  spirit  and  public  morality. 


ical  time.  Its  pioneers  were  men 
of  vision  and  judgment.  They 
chose  locations  well  and  laid  foun¬ 
dations  securely. 

Look,  for  example,  at  the  situa¬ 
tion  in  the  capital  province  of  Chi¬ 
hli.  Stations  at  three  strategic 
cities,  Peking,  the  capital,  Tientsin, 
the  port,  and  Paotingfu.  All  seats  of 
important  government  schools  and 
universities;  crowded  with  men  and 
young  men ;  alive  with  all  the 


A  Deputation  of  Gentry  At  Our  Church 
We  Are  Reaching  Leaders 


If  the  people  can  be  brought  to  care 
for  their  country  as  a  whole  and 
not  simply  their  particular  section; 
to  think  of  the  public  welfare  and 
not  merely  of  private  gain;  and  if 
the  officials  can  be  brought  to  set 
the  example  of  moral  standards  in 
public  affairs,  China  will  become 
a  strong  and  prosperous  country. 

To  the  meeting  of  these  wants  the 
work  of  the  American  Board  has 
been  steadily  contributing  through 
the  ninety  years  it  has  been  devel¬ 
oping.  It  is  now  superbly  placed 
to  push  its  contribution  at  this  crit- 


modern  movement  of  China;  ap¬ 
proachable,  responsive,  cordial  to 
the  presence  of  the  American  and 
the  missionary. 

Paotingfu  furnishes  confessedly 
the  most  open  and  rewarding  mis¬ 
sionary  field  in  China  to-day. 
Towns,  cities,  counties,  are  all  lit¬ 
erally  clamoring  for  the  Christian 
teacher  and  preacher.  The  Board’s 
small  staff  is  overwhelmed  with  its 
unmet  opportunities. 

At  Tientsin  the  way  is  just  now 
open  for  the  Board  to  occupy  the 
Hopei  district  of  the  city,  a  fine 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


96 


and  promising  section  of  that  city 
of  a  million  people.  Confidence 
and  regard  have  so  been  won  by 
past  labors  that  a  great  chance  ap¬ 
pears  to  minister  to  homes  and 
families  of  standing  and  influence. 

At  Peking  the  section  of  the  city 
allocated  to  the  American  Board 
includes  a  part  of  the  inner  or  im¬ 
perial  city,  the  student  quarter 


in  China  also.  Missionaries  at  first 
were  stoned  and  driven  out.  For  a 
time  it  seemed  as  if  they  would 
never  get  a  foot-hold.  As  they 
pushed  North  they  found  a  better 
welcome  or  at  least  less  opposition. 
But  even  in  the  North  the  Boxers  in 
1900  tried  to  wipe  out  the  mission¬ 
aries  and  all  other  “foreign  devils.” 
And  they  so  far  succeeded  that  mis- 


Paotingfu  1900 

The  Graves  of  Martyrs  Testify  to  Heroic  Sacrifice 


sion  work  seemed  for  the  moment 
to  be  destroyed.  How  quietly  and 
powerfully  it  recovered  is  one  of 
the  marvels  of  missionary  history. 
To-day,  twenty  years  after,  the 
Board’s  figures  are  as  follows: 

4  missions;  13  stations;  224  out 
stations;  208  missionaries;  680  na¬ 
tive  workers;  182  churches;  11,345 
church  members,  317  schools  of  all 
grades,  10,000  pupils  under  instruc¬ 
tion;  $75,000  received  last  year  in 
native  contributions. 


where  are  large  schools  and  colleges 
and  where  the  students  live,  and  the 
region  of  many  official  and  public 
buildings.  The  mission  compound 
is  at  the  heart  of  a  most  important 
area  of  populous  Peking. 

One  who  marks  the  locations  of 
American  Board  work  in  its  China 
fields  must  recognize  how  effective¬ 
ly  they  are  placed. 

Accomplishment 

It  was  slow  work  getting  started 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


97 


Every  one  of  these  figures  needs 
explanation  and  emphasis  to  make 
its  real  significance  appear.  Take 
that  item  of  680  native  workers: 
they  represent  a  wide  variety  of  ac¬ 
tivities  and  efficiency.  One  of  those 
workers  is  a  young  man,  son  of  the 
Board’s  first  convert  in  the  North 
China  mission,  educated  in  the  mis¬ 
sion,  who  took  his  theological 
course  with  honor  in  the  United 


known  to  be  an  American  and  a 
Christian  missionary  are  in  the 
fields  of  these  stations;  they  are  in¬ 
adequately  occupied  as  yet  for  the 
lack  of  laborers  and  funds ;  but  they 
are  being  vigorously  worked  to  the 
utmost  of  the  resources.  And  more 
than  a  dent  is  being  made  on  the 
stolid  subjection  to  ancient  reli¬ 
gions. 

Once  more  consider  the  churches 


Paotingfu  1920 

This  Group  of  Officials,  With  Dr.  Reinsch,  the  Recent  American  Minister,  Hints  At 
the  New  Day  of  Favor  and  Cooperation  in  China 


States  and  has  now  gone  back  to 
China  and  to  Peking,  there  to  work 
with  the  Chinese  church  and  with 
the  student  classes,  among  whom  he 
is  already  proving  an  evangelistic 
leader  of  great  influence. 

Or  take  the  number  of  stations, 
13;  not  a  large  or  impressive  figure. 
But  each  of  those  stations  is  the 
center  of  a  wide  reaching  effort;  a 
power  house  from  which  radiate 
lines  of  blessing  that  go  far  and 
whose  accomplishment  cannot  be 
reckoned.  Entire  counties,  popu¬ 
lous,  restless,  seeking  for  better 
things  and  approachable  to  an  un¬ 
precedented  degree  by  whoever  is 


and  church  members.  Small  figures 
as  compared  with  “China’s  Mil¬ 
lions.”  But  those  churches  are 
alive  and  active ;  those  members  are 
beginning  to  assume  responsibility 
and  to  recognize  their  obligation 
for  the  evangelizing  of  their  coun¬ 
trymen.  It  is  the  custom  now  for 
evangelistic  bands  of  students  or 
of  a  group  of  pastors  to  make  sys¬ 
tematic  tours  into  the  country, 
strengthening  the  churches,  opening 
up  new  fields  and  returning  with 
deepened  spiritual  life  and  a 
broader  vision  to  serve  in  their  own 
churches. 

Mission  organizations  also  are 


98 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


changing  to  provide  for  the  inclu¬ 
sion  of  church  representatives  and 
Chinese  leaders  in  the  planning  of 
the  work,  the  disposition  of  funds 
and  the  administration  of  the  sta¬ 
tions.  The  missionary  is  more  ob¬ 
viously  and  genuinely  becoming  a 


Christ  movement  which  has  swept 
the  Chinese  church  into  its  support 
and  pressed  upon  Chinese  leaders 
its  direction  constitutes  another 
mighty  result  of  missionary  work  in 
which  the  American  Board  has  had 
its  part.  No  mission  land  of  the 


Street  Scene  in  Canton 
Our  Work  Here  Must  Be  Strengthened 


fellow  worker  with  the  Christians 
of  the  land. 

The  work  of  the  China  Continua¬ 
tion  Committee  which  has  welded 
the  mission  work  of  all  Boards  in 
the  huge  area  of  China  into  a  work¬ 
able  whole  and  has  just  completed 
a  careful  three  years’  missionary 
survey  of  the  country  and  called  a 
conference  representing  the  entire 
Christian  movement  in  China  to 
meet  in  Shanghai  next  Spring  to  re¬ 
view  the  situation,  represents  one 
great  accomplishment  in  which  the 
American  Board  has  shared.  The 
birth  and  growth  of  the  China-for- 


world  to-day  is  better  organized  or 
more  vigorously  set  for  a  great  ad¬ 
vance  than  is  the  stirring  field  of 
China.  And  the  American  Board  is 
fortunately  placed,  and  to  some  de¬ 
gree  staffed  and  equipped  to  have  a 
glorious  share  in  this  era  of  oppor¬ 
tunity. 

Problems 

The  problem  which  stands  out 
most  sharply  and  cannot  be  dis¬ 
regarded  is  how  to  provide  food  and 
clothes  for  the  growing  child.  It 
is  the  burden  day  and  night  upon 
the  hearts  of  the  missionaries:  how 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


to  enter  the  new  places  that  are 
calling  for  the  message;  how  to  en¬ 
large  the  school  facilities  for  the 
pupils  that  are  crowding  in;  how 
to  provide  training  for  the  Chris¬ 
tians  who  might  be  developed  into 
leaders;  how  to  maintain  even  the 
things  that  are,  in  view  of  the 
slender  resources  which  mounting 
costs  have  made  yet  more  inade¬ 
quate.  It  is  nothing  less  than  an 
emergency  when  we  face  the  situa¬ 
tion  to-day  in  China  without  the 
men  or  the  money  to  seize  the 
chance. 


99 


leadership  in  education  at  the  Cap¬ 
ital.  Presbyterians,  Methodists  and 
Congregationalists  at  present  com¬ 
pose  the  union.  The  two  former 
denominations  are  putting  large 
sums  into  the  enterprise.  The 
American  Board  has  been  forced  to 
hold  unfulfilled  some  of  its  pledge 
of  help,  for  lack  of  the  funds.  The 
situation  is  getting  difficult  and  em¬ 
barrassing.  We  must  do  our  part 
and  do  it  promptly.  At  once 
$10,000  is  needed  to  meet  a  pledge 
made  six  years  ago. 

Fukien  Christian  University  is 


Fenchow  Hospital  Must  Be  Completed. 

One  of  Our  Famous  Fields  and  Successful  Workers.  The  Buildings  Need  Equip 
ment,  Heating  Plant,  and  Plumbing.  $10,000  Absolutely  Necessary 

Here  and  At  Once. 


A  special  problem  of  the  times 
for  the  American  Board  grows  out 
of  its  share  in  union  educational 
work.  China  is  the  outstanding 
field  for  this  development  of  mis¬ 
sionary  co-operation.  There  are 
more  and  greater  undertakings  in 
this  line  in  China  than  in  any  other 
mission  land.  The  American 
Board  is  a  partner  in  these  under¬ 
takings  at  three  centers:  Peking, 
Foochow  and  Canton. 

Peking  University  is  being  estab¬ 
lished  on  large  and  substantial  lines 
to  occupy  a  position  of  Christian 


located  at  Foochow,  the  capital  of 
the  province  containing  the  highest 
percentage  of  Christians  and  of 
Christian  schools  and  pupils  of  all 
the  provinces  of  China.  It  has  a 
superb  chance  to  dominate  the  ed¬ 
ucation  of  its  region.  It  has  secured 
a  worthy  site  on  the  river  front  and 
some  of  its  buildings  are  in  process 
of  construction.  Meanwhile  in 
rented  quarters  in  the  city  it  is  at 
its  work,  with  a  growing  staff  of 
teachers,  foreign  and  Chinese,  a 
large  student  body  and  the  stimulus 
of  a  group  of  preparatory  or  allied 


100 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


schools.  To  this  splendid  institu¬ 
tion,  crown  of  all  the  missionary 
educational  work  of  a  big  province, 
the  American  Board  is  bound  with 
three  other  missionary  societies.  It 
provides  three  members  of  its  for¬ 
eign  staff  and  a  share  of  its  cur¬ 
rent  income.  And  it  is  in  honor 
bound  to  help  in  securing  the  larger 
sums  that  are  needed  for  its  fuller 
establishment  and  equipment. 

At  Canton  where  has  come  to 
pass  a  remarkable  cooperation  of 
all  mission  boards  in  a  survey  of  the 
city  and  in  planning  for  a  wise  ap¬ 
portioning  and  combining  of  mis¬ 
sionary  work  therein,  a  Union  High 
School  has  been  formed  which  will 
serve  as  a  direct  feeder  for  the 
Union  Theological  Seminary  that 
has  been  in  operation  for  some 
years;  and  a  Union  Normal  School 
is  proposed.  In  these  undertakings 
also  the  American  Board  is  a  part¬ 
ner  and  must  assume  its  share  of 
the  maintenance.  These  are  all 
wise  and  economical  efforts  to  join 
in  meeting  needs  that  are  real  and 
pressing  and  that  give  promise  of 
superb  results.  They  are  problems, 
but  problems  that  thrill. 

Special  problems  appear  as  one 
scans  the  thirteen  stations  in  China, 
often  there  are  several  at  one  sta¬ 
tion.  Only  a  few  samples  can  be 
noted: 

There  is  the  Fenchow  hospital, 
partly  finished  and  waiting  to  be 
made  usable;  waiting  for  the  $10,- 
000  needed  to  complete  the  build¬ 
ing,  provide  equipment  and  install 
heating  and  lighting  plants. 

There  is  the  Tientsin  situation: 
the  way  open  to  transfer  the  mis¬ 
sion  compound  to  a  far  more  prom¬ 
ising  section  of  the  city  where  work 
is  already  under  way,  land  partly 
bought,  stakes  down,  and  all  awaits 
the  securing  of  $28,000  to  clinch  the 
matter. 


There  is  the  Paotingfu  situation: 
pressing  a  year  ago  and  now  even 
more  urgent.  A  huge  and  crowded 
field  comprising  many  counties  sud¬ 
denly  opening  up  with  an  eager  ap¬ 
peal  for  Christian  teaching.  It  is 
possible  to  use  a  multiplied  force  of 
teachers  and  evangelists ;  to  develop 
training  classes;  to  organize  itiner¬ 
ating  tours,  to  gather  the  harvest. 
The  Chinese  workers  can  be  se¬ 
cured,  at  least  in  part;  increased 
funds  are  sorely  needed  to  finance 
the  campaign,  to  provide  literature 
and  other  tools.  A  few  thousand 
dollars  would  mean  a  leap  forward 
in  this  field. 

There  is  the  occupation  of  Kien- 
ning  in  the  Shaowu  mission;  a  new 
center  from  which  a  large  portion 
of  the  field  can  be  more  economi¬ 
cally  worked;  stakes  down  there 
also  and  beginnings  made;  all  wait¬ 
ing  upon  the  coming  of  a  doctor,  the 
money  for  a  residence  and  a  small 
sum  for  equipment  and  repairs. 

From  Canton  comes  a  proposal 
for  a  union  mission  station  out  in 
the  country  district  to  be  main¬ 
tained  and  worked  jointly  by  repre¬ 
sentatives  of  several  missions;  the 
compound,  buildings,  staff  and  gen¬ 
eral  expenses  to  be  met  by  these 
boards  together.  The  American 
Board  is  asked  to  join.  Here  is  a 
novel  plan  to  be  considered.  At 
present  it  can  only  be  disregarded 
for  lack  of  funds. 

Program 

The  first  concern  is  of  course  to 
hold  fast  all  the  work  that  is  going 
and  going  well.  An  increase  of 
$50,000  should  be  made  to  seize 
some  of  these  chances  in  1921. 

Then  there  is  the  plan  to  enlarge 
and  improve  the  street  chapels  in 
Peking — a  very  important  need ;  in¬ 
volving  something  like  $10,000  for 
the  establishment  of  a  new  and  sat¬ 
isfactory  plant.  And  allied  with 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


101 


this,  a  more  systematic  and  effec¬ 
tive  work  among  the  students,  for 
which  the  Board’s  location  is  ad¬ 
vantageous  and  the  Board’s  past 
efforts  have  made  the  way  pro¬ 
pitious. 

The  development  of  a  carefully 
planned  and  effective  evangelism 


increase  in  literacy,  the  use  of  the 
new  and  simpler  alphabet,  there  is 
a  very  real  demand  for  good  litera¬ 
ture  ;  it  travels  far,  its  work  is  quiet 
and  inconspicuous;  but  its  results 
are  real.  The  sum  of  $5,000  is  de¬ 
sired  to  help  this  department  of 
missionary  work. 


The  New  Day  In  Paotingfu,  China. 

Dr.  Price  Works  With  the  Cadets  in  the  Government  Military  Academy 


through  all  the  China  missions  is 
prominent  in  the  program  of  ad¬ 
vance.  Churches  are  being  roused 
to  feel  their  responsibility.  Funds 
are  being  sought  to  provide  for  this 
extension  work. 

The  production  and  circulation 
of  Christian  Literature  is  yearly 
becoming  more  urgently  pressed. 
With  the  progress  of  education,  the 


We  must  support  those  Union  en¬ 
terprises  in  which  we  are  partners; 
and  press  the  training  of  Christian 
young  men  and  women  for  leader¬ 
ship.  Scholarship  funds  are  sorely 
needed.  It  is  both  more  economi¬ 
cal  and  more  Christian  to  prepare 
Chinese  to  lead  their  own  Churches 
than  to  multiply  missionaries  for 
the  task. 


Whether  one  looks  at  a  single  station  and  its  field  or  at  the 
enterprise  as  a  whole,  there  is  a  tremendous  pull  to  the  mission¬ 
ary  work  in  China  to-day.  Our  representatives  are  alert,  capa¬ 
ble  and  devoted.  They  have  their  programs:  they  know  what 
needs  to  be  done;  and  they  are  ready  to  set  about  it;  they  are 
setting  about  it,  just  as  far  as  we  let  them.  They  appeal  for  a 
worthier  support. 


102 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD 


Living  Partners  in  the  Kingdom 

The  missionary  enterprise  needs  friends  more  than  funds.  It 
needs  men  more  than  money,  and  the  prayers  and  personal  interest  of  its 
legion  of  givers  are  the  highest  pledge  of  future  success. 

Each  one  will  find  the  task  he  can  do  best.  Pastors  will  not  miss 
the  full  share  of  leadership  that  is  theirs.  If  the  story  is  rightly  told 
it  will  inspire  every  Congregation  to  faith  and  loyalty.  Men  and 
women  who  lead  in  thought  and  action  will  want  to  enlist  every  church 
in  the  larger  giving  that  has  now  become  imperative. 

God’s  kingdom  can  no  longer  be  financed  by  casual  or  indefinite 
methods.  If  we  mean  business  as  Congregationalists  then  thousands 
of  churches  will  reveal  a  deeper  personal  interest  and  a  sense  of  steward¬ 
ship  will  pervade  the  entire  denomination. 

In  the  year  just  closed  many  churches  accepted  some  definite  in¬ 
vestment  in  the  work  as  their  share.  The  First  Church  in  Columbus, 
Ohio,  raised  $10,000  for  a  new  chapel  in  Peking  as  a  memorial  to  Rev. 
Murray  Frame,  its  missionary  representative.  The  Fort  Wayne 
Church  has  paid  in  $3,000  to  build  the  new  district  church  so  long 
needed  by  Dr.  Jeffery  in  India.  The  churches  in  Marlboro,  Massachu¬ 
setts  and  Upper  Montclair,  New  Jersey  have  adopted  some  of  the  new 
workers  in  the  Philippines. 

Every  church  which  is  already  supporting  a  representative  knows 
that  the  cost  of  missionaries  in  China  and  India  has  largely  increased 
because  of  foreign  exchange.  Many  churches  raised  the  additional 
amount  so  that  their  representatives  might  be  fully  cared  for. 

Individuals  of  means  in  many  churches  are  making  definite  invest¬ 
ments  because  of  keen  personal  interest.  Two  months  ago  a  prominent 
educator  in  India  was  adopted  as  the  representative  of  a  Connecticut 
manufacturer.  A  prominent  doctor  in  Turkey  is  being  supported  by  a 
minister  and  his  wife  in  another  denomination.  A  woman  in  one  church 
in  the  middle  west  is  supporting  her  own  missionary  in  Turkey  and  has 
the  satisfaction  of  feeling  that  she  can  share  in  the  results  he  accom¬ 
plishes.  One  man  in  the  middle  west  contributes  the  whole  salary  of  one 
of  our  missionaries  and  several  other  men  are  considering  such  invest¬ 
ments. 

One  manufacturer  continues  to  support  a  large  number  of  native 
evangelists,  each  year  receiving  reports  from  the  fields  and  noting  the 
growth  of  the  results  from  his  consecrated  investment.  The  church  mem¬ 
bers  brought  in  by  the  workers  he  supports  now  reach  a  total  of  over 
6,500.  One  half  a  province  in  China  is  regarded  as  his  investment  for  he 
has  paid  from  his  own  earnings  the  salary  of  every  native  worker  who  has 
entered  that  province.  This  man  and  the  missionary  who  guides  the 
work  can  read  some  of  Paul’s  epistles  with  deep  personal  meaning  for  they 
know  what  it  is  to  be  responsible  for  the  birth  and  growth  of  church 
members  and  of  whole  churches  even  in  this  modern  day. 

It  is  clear  that  there  must  be  a  thousand  business  men  or  women 
of  means  who  feel  they  are  giving  their  full  share  of  the  church  appor¬ 
tionment  but  who  would  gladly  make  gifts  of  $100  or  $1,000  or  $5,000 
to  the  Board  each  year  if  they  could  be  offered  personal  and  definite 
investments  like  the  above.  The  Board’s  secretaries  are  eager  to  corre¬ 
spond  with  every  individual  who  is  willing  to  consider  some  larger  per¬ 
sonal  investment  in  such  work. 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


103 


The  Woman’s  Boards 

By  An  American  Board  Secretary 

Joint  Expenditure,  September  1,  1919 — August  31,  1920 -  $513,000 


Increase  Asked  from  Churches,  1921 .  225,000 

Total  Budget  Asked  for  1921 .  $738,000 


A  Work  of  Vital  Importance 

The  three  Woman’s  Boards  co-operate  with  the  American  Board. 
Their  treasuries  are  separate  and  each  becomes  responsible  for  a  specific 
portion  of  the  work  abroad.  Each  of  the  three  Woman’s  Boards  must 
receive  the  full  amount  of  its  budget  from  the  churches  and  their  auxil¬ 
iaries,  or  important  lines  of  work  will  be  dropped. 

The  work  among  women,  girls  and  little  children  is  second  to  none 
on  the  mission  field.  The  Woman’s  Boards  support  all-  the  single 
women  missionaries,  engaged  in  the  large  number  of  schools  in  our 
twenty  missions  and  carry  on  an  extensive  evangelistic  work  through 
Bible  women,  reaching  the  homes  and  the  families  as  only  women  work¬ 
ers  can.  In  some  of  our  stations  the  work  by  the  women  and  for  the 
women  and  children,  exceeds  in  importance  and  extent,  the  efforts  of 
the  American  Board  alone. 

Yet  the  full  credit  of  their  effort  goes  under  the  title  of  “American 
Board  Work”  when  considered  by  our  home  churches.  With  the  true 
modesty  and  self-forgetfulness  of  womankind,  the  three  Woman’s 
Boards  are  doing  a  vast  work  for  uplift  and  progress,  and  their  efforts 
must  be  recognized  and  appreciated  by  every  pastor  and  every  church. 
Without  them,  the  American  Board’s  work  would  be  cut  down  more 
than  one  third  and  would  lose  from  its  lists  such  celebrated  institutions 
as  Kobe  College  in  Japan,  the  leading  college  for  women  in  the  Empire, 
or  the  American  Collegiate  Institute  in  Smyrna,  as  well  as  some  of  its 
most  famous  and  heroic  workers. 

Increases  Desperately  Needed 

Their  need  of  increased  income  from  the  churches  and  auxiliaries 
is  fully  as  great  as  for  any  part  of  our  denominational  work.  Impor¬ 
tant  institutions  are  waiting  to  be  completed  like  the  woman’s  depart¬ 
ment  of  the  hospital  in  Fenchow,  China.  Schools  must  be  repaired  and 
expanded  like  that  in  famous  Aruppukottai.  Their  native  workers 
must  receive  an  increased  wage  and  their  “General  Work  Funds”  and 
salary  increases  must  keep  step  with  those  of  the  American  Board.  The 
increased  receipts  from  the  churches  asked  for  1921  are  estimated  at 
$225,000.  Somewhere,  somehow,  even  larger  sums  must  be  secured 
if  their  work  is  to  go  on  unchecked. 

Let  every  pastor  and  every  man  in  our  churches  acquaint  himself 
with  the  story  of  the  Woman’s  Board  work  in  the  following  pages. 
The  women  themselves  need  not  thus  be  urged.  Those  interested  in  the 
Mission  Boards  may  well  bless  the  work  of  devotion  and  of  success 
carried  on  by  the  women  of  our  churches. 


104 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


The  W Oman’s  Board  of  Missions 

A  wide-spread  Plant  centering  in  68  stations,  operated  by  138 
American  women  and  a  large  corps  of  native  workers. 


I.  Achievements 

Educational 

HE  tide  of  educational  fervor 
evei^for  girls  runs  high  in  mis¬ 
sion  lands.  Thirty-six  boarding 
schools  are  similarly  embarrassed 
by  success  as  to  numbers  applying 
for  entrance  and  encouraged  by  the 
favorable  public  attitude. 

The  City  Council  of  Sofia,  Bul¬ 
garia,  makes  a  gift  of  2,000  square 
metres  of  land  for  a  mission  pri¬ 
mary  school  and  a  social  settle¬ 
ment. 

A  Turkish  department  at  the 
Smyrna  Collegiate  Institute  was 
urged  by  Mohammedans  and  now 
receives  from  them  scholarships  for 
ten  of  its  seventy  pupils. 

“No  matter  what  may  be  the  po¬ 
litical  complexion  of  the  local  gov¬ 
ernment,  or  even  the  religion  of  the 
people,  the  American  teacher  has 
the  right  of  way  in  the  Near  East.” 

One  city  of  India,  protesting 
against  the  expense  of  compulsory 
education  for  both  boys  and  girls, 
the  Brahmin  and  low  caste  women 
united  in  defense  and  retorted: 
“Very  well,  then,  provide  for  the 
girls  first  and  let  the  boys  wait!” 
In  a  public  demonstration  one  of 
their  mottoes  read:  “To  postpone 
compulsory  education  for  girls  three 
years  is  to  postpone  Home  Rule 
thirty  years.” 

Government  presses  strongly  and 
justly  in  India  and  Africa  for  better 
equipment  and  in  proportion  to  our 

response  makes  needed  grants. 

“Never  before  such  an  attitude  of 
friendly  reception.” 


In  disturbed  Mexico  the  Instituto 
Colon  opened  last  year  in  Guadala¬ 
jara  with  60  students  and  closed 
with  168.  El  Fuerte  dared  to  en¬ 
roll  50  when  there  were  but  40 
desks. 

.1  ^ 

It  means  Vital  Statistics,  indeed, 
to  Barcelona,  Spain,  that  the  100- 
girl-aim  has  now  been  reached,  and 
that  the  majority  of  these  clever, 
charming  young  women  will  move 
in  influental  circles  with  a  purifying 
effect  upon  the  vitiated  atmosphere 
of  the  “land  without  a  Bible.” 

Two  girls  of  the  grease-smeared, 
red-clayed  kraal  type  in  Mrs.  Ed¬ 
wards’  home  fifty  years  ago,  and 
today  Inanda  Seminary  with  com¬ 
modious  buildings  set  in  cultivated 
acres;  academic  and  industrial 
courses;  religious  atmosphere;  and 
an  annual  output  of  young  women 
for  the  schools,  homes  and  parson¬ 
ages  of  Natal,  Africa. 

Matsuyama,  Japan,  and  Smyrna, 
Asia  Minor,  perforce  press  back  the 
on-coming  current  of  young  life 
until  on  the  new  sites  which  they 
hold,  adequate  buildings  with 
modern  equipment  shall  give  a 
heartier  welcome. 

The  562  students  who  crowd  the 
four  departments  of  Uduvil,  Cey¬ 
lon,  stand  for  the  progressive  ideas 
of  the  best  new  Oriental  woman¬ 
hood,  especially  members  of  the 
English  department  who  recently 
decreed  that  it  was  silly  for  each 
girl  to  wash  her  own  plate  lest  she 
become  polluted,  and  that  one  ser¬ 
vant  should  wash  them  all  together 
in  the  modern  efficient  way. 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


105 


Learning  Aeout  the  Country  Where  They  Live 

Already  Ceylon  Has  Decreed  Compulsory  Education  for  Girls  As  Well  As  Boys. 

India  Is  Struggling  to  Achieve  It. 


China’s  girls  are  earnest,  plod¬ 
ding,  indefatigable  students,  and  no 
whit  behind  in  the  progressive 
movements  for  women  as  they  fill 
our  all-too-inadequate  accommoda¬ 
tions  in  the  schools  of  the  Foochow 
and  North  China  Missions.  “As 
lovable  as  any  group  I  ever  worked 
with,  ambitious  and  responsive,” 
comments  a  newly  arrived  educator 
at  the  Wen  Shan  Girls’  School,  one 
of  experience  with  American  types. 

The  finishing  touch,  the  high 
polish,  are  reserved  for  the  growing 
union  enterprises  like  Peking  and 
Madras  Colleges,  in  which  Congre¬ 
gational  women  share  both  as  to 
funds  and  teaching  force.  From  the 
steadily  enlarging  number  of  appli¬ 
cants,  graduates  of  the  boarding 
schools,  we  begin  to  draw  for  such 


teaching  as  our  own  missionaries 
alone  could  do  in  the  past. 

The  Kindergarten  and  day 
schools  are  the  sine  qua  non  of  the 
entire  system.  In  devasted  Turkey, 
from  orphanages  and  restored 
homes,  the  stream  of  child  life  be¬ 
gins  to  set  towards  school,  and  in 
one  district  alone  the  missionary  is 
busy  and  happy  looking  after  1,935 
such  children. 

The  head  man  of  an  Indian  vil¬ 
lage  may  voice  the  pleading  of 
every  section  of  every  mission, 
“Send  us  a  teacher  and  we  will  pro¬ 
vide  the  building,  part  of  the  sup¬ 
port  and  guarantee  25  children.” 

“Leaders  to  train  Leaders”  is  the 
motto  for  Education  in  this  hour. 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


106 


Evangelistic 

A  testimony  given  to  the  retiring 
principal  of  Matsuyama,  Japan, 
after  fourteen  years’  service:  “The 
school  has  been  an  evangelizing 
agency  of  the  most  pronounced 
type,  and  but  few  girls  have  been 
graduated  who  were  not  committed 
to  the  Christian  life.” 

The  strides  taken  in  Ceylon  in 
the  last  two  years  amaze  a  worker 
returning  from  furlough — more  re¬ 
sponsibility  laid  on  Tamil  Chris-, 
tians;  breaking  down  of  caste  and 
the  seclusion  of  women;  an  ad¬ 
visory  Board  of  Tamil  Christian 
women  for  the  Uduvil  School; 
three  churches  with  women  on  their 
committees;  periods  of  special  re¬ 
ligious  services  and  44  school-girls 
uniting  with  the  church. 

An  educator  of  high  rank  re¬ 
turns  to  her  school  work,  after  rest, 
in  the  spirit,  “I  have  come  back 
primarily  to  bring  the  girls  to 
Christ.” 


“It  is  good  to  see  our  Capron 
Hall  girls  in  real  life  in  their  home 
villages.  When  I  see  their  influence 
I  long  to  send  out  more  who  shall 
have  the  same  dignity,  the  same 
culture,  the  same  spirit  of  service,” 
writes  a  missionary  from  Madura, 
India. 

Even  witch  doctors  stop  to  hear 
the  Message.  A  teacher  and  sev¬ 
eral  school  girls  start  on  an  evan¬ 
gelistic  tour  and  come  upon  four 
fantastic  creatures  dancing  in  a  hut, 
according  to  some  heathen  rite. 
They  not  only  listen,  but  gather  on 
the  next  Sunday  all  the  village 
women  and  real  instruction  begins. 
From  this  one  effort,  several  come 
into  the  church,  and  one  promising 
girl  begins  training  at  Inanda  Sem¬ 
inary,  South  Africa. 

There  is  no  failing,  no  faltering 
of  the  fundamental  missionary  pur¬ 
pose,  either  in  the  American  women 
who  go  for  us,  or  among  the  girls 
whom  they  imbue  with  their  own 


Japanese  Family  At  Morning  Prayers 
Kindergartens  Help  to  Build  Christian  Homes  and  a  Righteous  Nation 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


107 


spirit.  Even  the  village  schools 
stand  for  “our  best  evangelizing 
agency.’’ 

The  250  Bible  Women — “may 
their  tribe  increase!” — thread  the 
narrow  way  of  life  in  every  mission, 
devoted  and  Christ-like,  wise  to  suit 
the  Word  to  their  own  country 
women.  One,  eighty  years  of  age, 
who  dropped  by  the  wayside  as  she 
walked  to  a  village  to  tell  the  old, 
old  story,  received  this  testimony, 
“She  has  won  more  people  to  Christ 
than  any  woman  in  our  area.”  Did 
she  drop  because  of  weakness,  from 
too  little  nourishment,  and  had  our 
meagre  salary  to  her  anything  to 
do  with  it? 

The  Christian  church  in  the 
China  Missions  has  broader  oppor¬ 
tunities  each  year,  and  the  women, 
both  American  and  Chinese,  are  ac¬ 
tive  in  its  evangelistic  efforts.  Per¬ 
haps  in  no  area  of  the  Board  are 
the  country  people  so  eager  for  the 
Message  as  in  the  wide-stretching 
Paotingfu  district  in  North  China, 
and  our  missionaries  are  pressed 
with  the  oversight  of  unusual  but 
joyful  evangelistic  tours.  “Fifty 
kettles  of  water  needed  for  the  tea,” 
was  in  the  story  of  one  service,  but 
more  to  the  point  are  the  tales  of 
such  eager  interest  as  led  men  and 
women  to  stay  far  into  the  night 
for  instruction. 

Medical  and  Social 

“The  hospital  plant  is  a  gem” 
applies  equally  to  the  two  India 
hospitals.  The  physician-surgeon 
in  charge  of  each  is  a  “gem”  like¬ 
wise,  but  a  soltaire  is  not  in  good 
taste  for  such  a  position — we  should 
set  a  cluster!  Treatments,  33,720; 
operations,  1,488;  births,  244;  out¬ 
side  calls,  584 ;  this  is  the  report  for 
the  past  year  wrung  from  one  of 
these  modest,  skillful  overburdened 
women.  An  associate  is  on  the 
way  to  relieve  Madura,  but  Ahmed- 
nagar  still  waits. 


The  medical  work  of  the  Board 
is  relatively  small,  centering  at  but 
three  points.  Foochow,  China,  has 
its  doctor  at  wrork  in  temporary 
quarters  pending  readjustments. 

The  ultimate  ideal  is  the  native 
doctor  and  nurse.  To  this  end  the 
Vellore  Medical  College,  South 
India,  in  which  we  share,  has  re¬ 
cently  begun  training  for  38  Indian 
women,  51  having  been  turned  away 
for  lack  of  room. 

Smyrna,  Asia  Minor,  takes  a  for¬ 
ward  step  in  social  work.  A  survey 
is  to  be  made  by  a  committee  from 
the  two  mission  schools  of  the 
Boards,  the  Near  East  Relief,  the 
Y.  M.  C.  A.  and  the  Y.  W.  C.  A, 
to  cover  city  administration,  relig¬ 
ious  status,  health,  sanitation,  crime 
and  recreation.  Our  own  social 
worker  will  have  supervision  of 
playgrounds  with  censorship  of 
theatres,  moving-picture  houses, 
coffee  houses,  and  the  like.  The 
plan  is  endorsed  by  the  highest 
Greek  authorities,  ecclesiastical  and 
military,  as  well  as  by  the  Ar¬ 
menian  bishop. 

Before  the  modem  emphasis  be¬ 
came  so  forceful  on  social  service 
the  “Loving-All  Institution”  grew 
up  in  a  slum  section  of  Okayama, 
Japan,  gradually  taking  on  all  the 
features  of  a  modern  settlement,  al¬ 
ways  keeping  the  Christian  stamp 
distinct.  Again  and  again  has  this 
plant  of  day  and  night  schools,  Sun¬ 
day  schools,  day  nursery,  dispens¬ 
ary,  clubs,  industrial  classes, 
brought  commendation  from  the 
city  and  imperial  governments.  The 
latest  took  the  form  of  a  gift  of 
Yen  100,  Japanese  friends  adding 
Yen  2,441. 

Increasing  calls  for  trained  evan¬ 
gelistic-social  workers  come  from 
all  missions.  With  a  friendly  atti¬ 
tude  abroad  there  is  no  limit  to  such 
community  and  house-to-house  in¬ 
struction. 


108 


THE  WOMAN'S  BOARDS 


II.  Problems 

1.  To  secure  and  provide  for  re¬ 
cruits.  While  every  mission  calls, 
two  instances  only  can  be  cited 
here: 

Just  when  Japan's  need  is  acute 
our  force  of  workers  is  unusually 
low,  and  volunteers  have  for  the 
most  part  chosen  other  fields.  The 
Plum  Blossom  School,  Osaka,  with 
nearly  500  students,  is  insufficiently 
staffed.  Several  “one-woman  sta¬ 
tions"  ask  for  relief,  such  as  Mae- 
bashi,  Tottori,  Sendai;  while  Mi- 
yzaki  has  waited  long  and  Mat- 


their  own  dialect!  But  this  means 
(1)  two  consecrated  lives  and  (2) 
two  new  salaries,  for  the  two  mis¬ 
sionaries  now  there  are  self-sup¬ 
porting. 

2.  There  is  the  ever-present  prob¬ 
lem  of  building  and  repairs.  For 
several  years  the  Jubilee  gift  of 
$250,000  was  available  for  this  pur¬ 
pose  and  many  needs  were  met. 
Now  we  are  faced  by  constantly  oc¬ 
curring  opportunities  of  this  sort 
without  the  resource  of  a  definite 
fund,  and  it  is  difficult  to  carry  such 
extra  sums,  running  often  into  the 


Graduate  Teachers,  Girls'  School,  Smyrna 

Has  Opened  Branch  for  Turkish  Students  Only — 
Money  Raised  for  New  Building  When  Peace 
Comes  in  the  Near  East 


suyama's  two  big  schools,  just  now 
in  most  promising  condition,  should 
have  a  larger  American  force  in 
charge. 

In  the  far-away  isolated  Pacific 
island  ofKusaie  two  sisters  have  for 
ten  years  developed  the  boarding 
school,  while  at  the  same  time  “for 
knitting  work"  they  have  trans¬ 
lated  and  printed  sections  of  the 
Bible.  They  ask  for  two  young 
women  to  relieve  them  at  the  school 
that  they  may  give  all  their  time  to 
the  completion  of  this  great  work. 
What  a  joy  and  honor  for  the  Board 
to  make  it  possible  to  give  to  that 
island  group  the  Word  of  God  in 


thousands,  in  the  same  budget  of 
“Pledged  Work"  as  our  salaries, 
general  work  and  current  expenses. 
The  individual  donor,  often  our 
hope  in  such  emergencies  in  the 
past,  is  still  an  allowed  blessing 
under  the  Congregational  World 
Movement.  To  any  such  the  Board 
can  offer  attractive  building  oppor¬ 
tunities  ranging  from  a  dormitory 
on  the  beautiful  new  site  of  the 
Smyrna  Collegiate  Institute  to  one 
of  the  several  little  village  school- 
houses  we  ought  to  erect  each  year 
at  a  cost  of  about  $500. 

3.  The  general  work  must  have 
larger  support  in  these  days  of  high 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


109 


costs.  Food  and  fuel  should  be  pro¬ 
vided  not  in  extravagant  measure 
or  quality,  but  adequate  for  hard¬ 
working  teachers  and  growing  girls. 
“We  get  along  on  as  little  as  we 
can”  is  a  policy  we  should  be 
ashamed  to  have  our  missionaries 
pursue.  The  very  fact,  also,  of  a 
well-equipped  plant  like  the  Ma¬ 
dura  Hospital,  calls  for  funds  to 
use  the  equipment  efficiently.  Any¬ 
thing  less  is  a  waste  of  power. 

4.  Salaries  of  missionaries  must 
be  readjusted  to  give  them  a  suit¬ 
able  living  income,  on  a  like  basis 
with  those  paid  by  the  American 


$7,000  Needed  Here  At  Once 

Women’s  Hospital  at  Ahmednagar,  India, 
Must  Have  Sanitary  Water  System 
and  More  Doctors 

Board  after  careful  revision.  The 
sum  once  paid  to  the  Bible  women 
and  native  teachers  proves  too 
small  now  for  daily  needs. 

5.  Union  efforts  like  the  three 
colleges,  Madras  and  Vellore  Med¬ 
ical,  India,  and  Peking,  China,  and 
the  Christian  Literature  Com¬ 
mittee,  should  not  be  denied 
increasing  support. 

III.  Program 

1.  To  secure  as  soon  as  possible 
29  workers,  qualified  in  education¬ 
al,  evangelistic,  medical  or  social 
lines,  for  all  of  whom  salaries,  out¬ 
fits  and  traveling  expenses  must 
also  be  sought. 

2.  To  maintain  present  buildings 


on  the  fields  in  suitable  repair;  to 
furnish  as  far  as  possible  additional 
equipment  where  it  is  needed;  to 
put  before  the  constituency  any  op¬ 
portunity  which  arises  for  enlarge¬ 
ment  of  influence  through  a  new 
building.  To  these  ends  are  the  fol¬ 
lowing  definite  projects: 

To  secure  $7,000  that  Ahmedna¬ 
gar  Hospital  may  be  supplied  with 
a  first-class  substitute  for  a  sewer¬ 
age  system — a  septic  tank;  and  to 
renew  several  outbuildings  so  that 
they  will  be  serviceable  to  the  hos¬ 
pital. 

To  answer  the  call  of  the  Arup- 
pukottai  boarding  school  and  give 
$7,500  for  an  additional  building. 
At  present  it  is  reported  by  a  mem¬ 
ber  of  the  mission  that  “outside  of 
Capron  Hall  there  is  not  a  girls’ 
boarding  school  in  the  Madura  Mis¬ 
sion  on  which  a  Board  secretary  or 
a  government  official  would  look 
with  respect.” 

To  relieve  the  village  school  stress 
in  Ceylon  by  a  grant  of  $1,500  and 
thereafter  to  continue  adding  one- 
two-three  or  more  such  school 
houses  annually  at  a  cost  of  $500 
each,  that  the  foundation  of  the 
whole  school  system  may  be  secure. 

Having  secured  on  advantageous 
terms  a  much-needed  new  site  for 
the  Matsuyama  (Japan)  Girls’ 
School,  to  secure  now  $9,300  that 
the  old  buildings  on  the  property 
may  be  put  in  condition  for  use. 

3.  To  be  fair  and  business-like 
in  the  matter  of  a  new-standard  sal¬ 
ary  for  our  devoted  and  able  mis¬ 
sionaries;  to  keep  our  present  na¬ 
tive  workers,  and  insure  a  still 
larger  force,  by  granting  them  the 
annual  payment  which  is  essential 
under  new  living  conditions. 

4.  To  provide  more  adequately 
for  the  “general  work”  in  order  to 
keep  it  properly  balanced  with  the 
new  workers  and  larger  facilities. 
To  do  this  $22,000  at  least  should  be 
appropriated  for  the  general  work 
as  increase  over  last  year. 


110 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


The  Emperor's  Representative  Leaving  Kobe  College 
Taken  at  the  Gate  by  the  Official  Photographer 

Miss  DeForest  Walks  With  the  Representative,  Miss  Searle  With  One  of  His  Retinue.  The  Student  Body  Is  at  Attention. 

The  Music  Building  in  the  Background. 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


111 


The  W Oman’s  Board  of  Missions 

of  the  Interior 

1921  Budget 

Expected  From  Churches . $253,500.00 

Other  Income . .  . 

25,000.00 

-  $278,500.00 

Appropriations,  1920 — Salaries . 

. .  .  $58,392.35 

Work  . 

. .  .  60,864.35 

$119,256.70 

Estimated  necessary  increase . 

29,814.30 

Missionaries  on  furlough . 

9,448.35 

Travel  of  missionaries  and  outfit  grants. . .  . 

37,405.25 

Additional  grants  to  field . 

17,362.60 

Loss  in  exchange . 

49,389.24 

Administration  . 

32,000.00 

Buildings  and  Property 

Bulgaria  . 

. ..  $25,000.00 

Mexico  . 

. .  .  11,000.00 

Greece  . 

. .  .  14,000.00 

India  . 

. . .  12,000.00 

China . 

. .  .  12,000.00 

Japan  . 

. . .  25,000.00 

Africa . 

1,000.00 

$100,000.00 

Training  candidates . 

1,000.00 

Union  Work . 

5,000.00 

$400,676.44 

This  budget  does  not  balance. 

The  real  needs  are 

greater  than  the  prospective  income.  The  case 

is  thus 

presented  to  the  churches,  believing  that  faith  and  loyalty 

at  home  will  rise  to  meet  the  devotion  and  achievement 

of  the  workers  on  the  field. 

112 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


RESULTS  OF  SUCCESS 

The  Woman’s  Board  of  the  Interior  has  completed  its  Jubilee  for  fifty 
years  of  devoted  service  in  the  mission  field.  Scattered  in  many  lands 
its  force  of  100  missionaries  have  built  up  an  efficient  line  of  schools 
and  boarding  schools,  of  colleges  and  hospitals  which  have  profoundly 
influenced  the  life  of  women  in  those  nations.  American  women  have 
been  paying  their  debt  of  liberty,  prosperity  and  happiness  to  some  of 
their  less  favored  sisters.  If  no  new  needs  for  advancing  work  arose  from 
year  to  year  it  would  prove  that  the  work  had  failed.  Success  brings 
growing  pains  in  every  thriving  institution. 

If  the  home  churches  could  see  these  crowded  rooms  filled  with  ir¬ 
resistibly  attractive  pupils,  could  see  the  changes  wrought  in  their  lives, 
homes  and  towns,  and  could  see  those  others  “without  the  gate,”  no 
appeal  would  need  to  be  uttered  for  1921.  These  words  of  report  and  of 
description  will  bring  the  work  a  bit  closer  to  the  earnest  hearts  that  read. 

Schools  for  Girls 

Girls,  dark-eyed,  sometimes  timid,  always  questioning,  not  yet  sure 
of  the  new  paths  and  yet  coming  to  feel  a  passionate  confidence  in  the 
teachers  from  afar  who  are  leading  them  into  the  new  ways.  These 
are  the  girls  in  our  boarding  schools. 

African  Girls 

April  28,  1920,  was  Commencement  Day  at  Dondi,  the  first  Com¬ 
mencement  Day  the  people  there  ever  saw.  A  large  room  bright  with 
Portuguese  and  American  flags,  crowds  of  people,  melodious  music  of 
the  type  peculiar  to  the  African  race,  all  this  was  gay  and  festive,  but 
the  feature  that  made  the  deepest  impression  was  the  fact  that  girls 
appeared  on  the  platform  and  read  papers  of  their  own  writing.  Where 
now  is  the  age-old  conviction,  deep  in  every  African  breast,  that  girls 
don’t  count,  that  though  well  enough  as  tillers  of  the  soil  and  bearers 
of  children,  they  have  no  minds? 

And  now  the  Dondi  Training  School  is  calling  for  a  new  depart¬ 
ment.  The  girls  in  nearby  villages  have  no  school.  The  Training 
School  students  have  no  opportunity  for  actual  experience  in  teaching. 
The  solution  proposed  is  the  establishment  in  Dondi  of 'a  Practice 
School  into  which  the  wild  little  village  girls  can  be  gathered  and  in 
which  the  Training  School  students  can  get  their  experience  in  actual 
teaching. 

The  expense  involved  for  the  first  year  is  $1,200;  $200  for  running 
expenses,  $1,000  for  a  building. 

Chinese  Girls 

They  are  to  have  a  new  building  in  Canton.  They  have  needed  it 
for  ten  years,  and  more.  Two  of  the  American  teachers  have  been  living 
in  a  mat  shed  whose  roof  leaks  and  whose  floor  is  flooded  whenever  it 
rains.  The  school  itself  has  been  housed  in  a  temporary  building  put  up 
ten  years  ago  and  intended  to  tide  over  for  a  year  or  two  but  still  in 
use  today.  Work  on  the  new  building  is  begun,  but  materials  and  labor 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


113 


are  high  in  Canton  and  the  building  is  costing  more  than  was  expected.  An 
additional  $10,000  is  necessary  and  even  that  does  not  make  it  pos¬ 
sible  to  buy  the  land  needed  for  recreation  and  for  protection  from  such 
objectionable  neighbors  as  a  gambling  den  or  a  pig  pen. 

In  four  other  centers  in  China  buildings  are  under  way  which  it  is 
not  possible  to  complete  with  moneys  in  hand. 


The  Future  Looks  Bright. 

China  Will  Pass  From  Shadow  to  Light.  These  Children  Will  Have  Their  Part  in 

the  New  Day. 


Japanese  Girls 

Five  hundred  of  them  in  Kobe  College  and  Academy  and  hundreds 
more  on  the  waiting  list.  The  mental  caliber  of  these  girls  is  such  and 
their  work  after  leaving  school  is  such  that  the  Japanese  government 
almost  unasked  granted  the  college  recognition  as  a  College  of  first  rank, 
grading  it  as  the  co-equal  of  colleges  for  men.  But  in  order  to  maintain 
this  standard  it  must  have  endowment  and  a  more  adequate  campus 
and  equipment. 

One  million  dollars  does  not  seem  a  large  sum  to  meet  the  needs  of 
a  Smith  or  a  Mt.  Holyoke.  Is  Kobe’s  request  for  $500,000  within  five 
years  for  property  and  equipment  and  another  $400,000  for  endow¬ 
ment  unreasonable? 


Bulgarian  Girls 

They  had  a  hard  time  during  the  war.  Meat,  fats,  milk  and  eggs 
were  unattainable  while  wheat,  vegetables  and  fruits  were  scarce  and 
high-priced.  But  these  girls  and  their  parents  even  in  such  straits  believe 
in  education.  Students  crowded  into  our  school  in  Samokov,  in  spite 
of  high  fees  and  the  discomforts  of  a  building  so  dilapidated  that  rain 
came  through  the  roof  and  wintry  blasts  through  a  thousand  cracks  and 
crevices  while  gymnastics  were  out  of  the  question  lest  the  whole  should 


114 


THE  WOMAN'S  BOARDS 


collapse  on  the  heads  of  the  girls.  Since  the  war  the  Bulgarian  govern¬ 
ment  has  registered  its  estimate  of  the  value  of  the  school  by  a  gift  of 
land  on  the  outskirts  of  Sofia,  the  Capital,  for  a  new  site.  The  only 
condition  attached  to  this  gift  is  that  suitable  modern  buildings  be 
erected  within  a  given  time.  At  least  $100,000  will  be  needed  for  this 
purpose,  $40,000  within  a  year. 

Turkish  Girls 

Turkish  girls?  Is  it  not  rather  Armenian  girls  we  mean?  Yes,  it 
is  Armenian  girls.  We  would  never  for  one  moment  forget  our  obliga¬ 
tions  to  the  girlhood  of  this  martyr  race,  but  the  races  and  religions 
have  gotten  strangely  mixed  in  Turkey  during  these  turbulent  years  and 
it  is  Turkish  girls  too  today.  Our  touch  with  them  is  somewhat  casual 
still  and  comes  to  us  largely  through  relief,  industrial  work,  orphanages, 
but  throughout  the  length  and  breadth  of  Asia  Minor  thousands  of 
Turkish  women  and  girls  have  come  to  interpret  the  word  American  as 
meaning  food  for  the  hungry,  care  for  the  sick  and  for  little  children  and 
work  for  untrained  hands  which  will  make  life  and  self-respect  possible. 
They  don’t  yet  recognize  the  spirit  of  Christianity  as  that  which  actu¬ 
ates  these  strange  American  missionaries.  It  will  take  years  and  many 
Christ-filled  lives  to  complete  the  task,  but  as  surely  as  recent  years 
have  seen  unparalleled  suffering  and  upheaval,  so  surely  has  a  begin¬ 
ning  been  made  in  the  great  task  of  giving  the  gospel  to  the  Turk  also. 

Training  Schools 

The  Lucy  Perry  Noble  Bible  School  in  Madura  has  a  fine  location 
outside  the  city  with  ample  grounds  and  good  new  buildings.  It  has 
90  girls  and  women  in  training  and  could  easily  have  150,  some  from 
adjoining  missions,  if  there  were  a  faculty  large  enough  to  handle  them. 
It  has  as  an  adjunct  an  industrial  department,  already  self-supporting, 
which  enables  students  to  earn  a  part  of  their  own  support  and  helps 
other  needy  women  and  girls.  Miss  Swift  has  single-handed  built  up 
this  great  work  and  is  also  brain  and  guiding  hand  for  a  woman’s  move¬ 
ment  in  the  city  whose  chief  purpose  is  to  bring  home  to  native  Christian 
women  their  duty  to  have  a  part  in  the  personal  work  of  extending 
Christ’s  kingdom.  But  Miss  Swift  is  no  longer  young.  An  associate  for 
her  should  have  been  in  training  two  years  ago.  To  delay  longer  in 
sending  a  new  worker  would  mean  not  only  cruel  neglect  but  the 
jeopardizing  of  a  fruitful  work  which  now  apparently  depends  solely  for 
its  maintenance  on  one  human  life.  One  new  missionary  should  start 
for  Madura  at  once,  another  within  a  year  or  two.  The  need  for  addi¬ 
tional  workers  is  hardly  less  urgent  in  other  fields.  The  salary  of  a 
missionary  together  with  travel  and  outfit  and  other  grants  averages 
$1,350  per  year. 

The  W.  B.  M.  I.  in  1920  sent  19  missionaries  to  the  field.  Of  these 
five  went  to  fill  vacancies  for  which  theoretically  at  least  the  salary  is 
provided.  Fourteen  are  new  workers  for  whose  support  new  money 
must  be  found. 

•> 


$1,350  x  14  =  $18,900 


i 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


115 


Medical  Work 

Until  recently  the  hospital  work  in  Fenchowfu  was  conducted  in 
an  old  Chinese  building  with  paper  in  the  windows  instead  of  glass. 
As  one  accomplishment  of  our  Golden  Jubilee  gift,  there  is  now  a  suitable 
building  known  as  the  Kate  Ford  Whitman  Hospital,  but  alas,  the 
money  gave  out  before  the  building  was  completed  or  equipped.  With¬ 
out  additional  help  it  cannot  do  its  beneficent  work.  Nearly  all  patients 
pay  something.  The  average  charge  for  a  dispensary  visit  including 
the  fee  for  drugs  and  surgical  dressings  is  equal  to  two  days’  wages  of  a 
local  unskilled  laborer.  During  the  first  eighteen  days  of  September 
five  women  were  brought  to  the  hospital  for  the  operation  known  as 


Miss  Sawyer's  Helpers  In  Fenchow. 

As  Superintending  Nurse  She  Trains  Her  Helpers,  Even  Translating  the  Books 

They  Use. 

Caesarean  section.  Mother  and  child,  ten  lives  were  at  stake,  but  because 
of  the  late  arrival  of  two  of  the  patients,  there  was  left  a  chance  for 
only  eight  lives.  Of  these  eight  lives,  seven  were  saved.  A  woman 
physician  and  a  trained  nurse  for  this  hospital  are  two  of  the  five 
medical  workers  (three  doctors  and  two  nurses)  the  W.  B.  M.  I.  has 
sent  to  China  within  two  years.  Only  women  can  effectively 

MINISTER  TO  THE  PHYSICAL  NEEDS  OF  ORIENTAL  WOMEN  AND  YET,  AFTER 
MORE  THAN  A  CENTURY  OF  MISSIONS,  THERE  IS  BARELY  ONE  WOMAN 
PHYSICIAN  TO  A  MILLION  WOMEN  IN  CHINA,  AND  NOT  ONE  TO  A  MILLION 

in  Moslem  lands. 


116 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


The  Woman’s  Board  of  Missions 

for  the  Pacific 


Kindergartners  At  Play 


Union  Kindergarten  Training 
School,  Foochow,  China 

“Now  I  know  how  it  feels  to  be 
a  grandmother!”  exclaims  Miss 
Bertha  Allen  as  she  returns  from  a 
real  Pauline  tour  among  her  alum¬ 
nae  at  their  work.  Six  choice  girls 
from  the  graduating  class  last  Feb¬ 
ruary:  four  Anglican,  one  Metho¬ 
dist,  and  one  of  the  American 
Board,  all  immediately  placed  in 
important  places,  four  in  Foochow, 
one  to  build  up  a  new  school  in 
Iiokchiang,  and  one  to  the  far 
corner  of  Hinghwa  where  even  the 
dialect  is  different,  but  where  an 
eager  people  had  long  waited.  Sev¬ 
eral  more  could  have  been  placed  if 
it  had  been  possible  to  have  had 
them  ready.  These  girls  open  new 
social  centers,  start  thriving  Sunday 
Schools,  reach  the  mothers  in  neg¬ 
lected  homes,  and  win  and  train 


the  children  who  are  the  Hope  of 
China. 

The  other  co-operating  Boards 
are  represented  in  the  Faculty  and 
the  running  expenses,  but  we  are  to 
supply  the  plant. 

Wanted  at  once — 

An  American  Kindergartner  to 
take  Miss  Allen’s  place  while  on 
furlough. 

$9,000  for  an  Administration 
Building  upon  beautiful  property 
already  secured. 

$105  for  an  Auxiliary  Kinder¬ 
garten  for  one  of  the  next  graduates. 

Elizabeth  Memorial  Hospital, 
Lintsing,  China 

A  young  woman  physician, 
trained  in  California’s  best  insti¬ 
tutions,  a  Native  Daughter,  Dr. 
Alma  Locke  Cooke,  sails  in  Novem¬ 
ber  for  this  waiting  field.  She  will 
have  a  gem  of  a  hospital,  sur- 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


117 


rounded  by  millions  of  needy 
women  and  children,  but  no  equip¬ 
ment. 

Lintsing  must  have — 

A  trained  nurse  to  work  with  Dr. 
Cooke 

Instruments  and  other  equipment 

More  funds  for  upkeep. 

“We  must  turn  to  our  friends  at 
home  if  the  work  is  to  be  supported 
as  it  should  be,  and  the  fine  plant 
set  in  running  order.” 

— Dr.  Helliwell. 

Wai,  India 

A  Moving  Picture 

Cataracts  and  all  Eye  Diseases 
Surgical  cases  in  great  variety 
Opium  babies 
Children  fearfully  burned 
Wasting  fever 

Distressing  intestinal  disorders 
Women  afflicted  beyond  de¬ 
scription. 

“Privileges  and  opportunities  ex¬ 
ceed  our  strength  and  resources,  but 
we  offer  daily  thanks  for  the  su¬ 
preme  privilege  of  being  allowed  to 
spend  our  lives  in  such  service” — 
Dr.  Lester  Beals  and  Dr.  Rose 
Beals. 


Are  we  going  to  supply  these  re¬ 
sources? 

A  nurse  to  assist  Dr.  Rose  Beals 

Funds  that  the  maternity  ward 
may  never  be  closed. 

Turkey 

Brousa,  our  first  love,  almost 
fifty  years  ago,  bound  to  become  a 
very  prominent  city  when  political 
matters  are  adjusted  in  Turkey. 

“A  magnificent  building  splen¬ 
didly  located”  on  a  commanding 
hillside,  put  up  by  our  Board,  and 
dedicated  Christmas  Eve,  1880.  It 
must  have  an  added  lot  that  will 
cost  $1,000.  A  Methodist  friend 
gives  the  first  $10. 

A  teacher  must  be  sent  this  year. 
Who  would  not  love  to  work  with 
such  a  trio — Allen,  Jillson,  Par¬ 
sons! 

There  are  150  new  pupils,  a  work 
for  boys,  evening  schools,  and  relief 
work  in  the  orphanages! 

Money  to  hold  our  own !  Money 
for  reconstruction ! 

Japan 

“Is  Japan  going  to  stay  on  the 
map?”  The  Survey  asked  for  29 


The  Hospital  At  Wai,  India 


118 


THE  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


The  Miriam  Choir 


women  from  the  three  Woman’s 
Boards. 

We  must  send  one  to  The  Doshi- 
sha. 

The  Miriam  Choir  which  Miss 
Clapp  Drills. 

They  have  sung  much  together; 
sing  unaccompanied,  taking  the 
pitch  from  the  fork,  sing  on  alter¬ 
nate  Sundays  in  The  Doshisha 
Chapel  because  a  mixed  choir  is 
tabooed. 

Music  is  the  key!  The  key  that 
attracts  to  the  Christian  school, 
the  key  also  by  which  the  Chris¬ 
tian  girl  opens  her  own  home  to 
guests,  the  Sunday  School  to  the 
youth  of  Japan,  and  the  way  to  her 
own  place  in  the  community  life. 

What  a  delight  to  present  such  a 
key  as  that  to  Japan! 


New  Work 

The  man  from  Macedonia 
stands  in  every  land. 

At  the  door  of  our  nearest 
neighbor,  Mexico;  we  only 
await  the  word  to  advance. 

And  in  far  Gogoyo  in  Por¬ 
tuguese  East  Africa. 

For  a  stretch  of  600  miles 
there  is  not  one  friend  to  be 
found  for  the  black  girls — 
they  can  lift  no  cry  that 
would  be  heard  this  side  of 
Heaven;  in  all  the  earth  there 
are  none  more  tightly  bound 
in  the  shackles  or  more  help¬ 
less  when  caught  in  the  traps 
set  for  them. 

“And  after  we  had  seen  the 
vision,  immediately  we  en¬ 
deavored  to  go!!” 

$3,000  for  new  work! 


THE  AMERICAN  BOARD  AND  WOMAN’S  BOARDS 


119 


WHO  WILL  GO? 

A  Challenge  to  Students 

The  quality  of  our  missions  depends  on  the  quality  of  our  mis¬ 
sionaries.  Are  we  to  secure  a  new  generation  of  Robert  Humes,  Arthur 
Smiths,  Corinna  Shattucks  and  Mary  Edwards  who  shall  be  able  to 
grasp  and  solve  the  vitally  important  problems  of  missions  in  this  age 
of  strong  Oriental  self-consciousness?  We  must  ask  the  Church  to  give 
us  of  their  noblest  men  and  the  choicest  women  for  this  task. 

The  outstanding  need  of  the  Board  is  for  55  ordained  men  with  the 
best  equipment  of  our  best  seminaries.  It  will  be  their  work  to  train 
native  Christian  leaders  and  stimulate  the  native  church,  to  initate 
social  and  evangelistic  efforts  in  city  and  country — for  the  educated 
leaders  of  the  great  Eastern  peoples  and  for  the  wild  Moro  of  the  Phil¬ 
ippines — to  be  expert  leaders  in  religious  education,  to  edit  periodicals 


and  to  produce  Christian  literature. 

Not  less  important  than  the  need  of 
ordained  men  is  that  of  women  of  reli¬ 
gious  training  to  lead  in  bringing  the 
Christian  message  into  the  homes  of  the 
Orient.  The  Kobe  Evangelistic  School 
is  helping  to  solve  that  problem.  One  of 
the  urgent  needs  is  for  an  American 
woman  equipped  to  teach  in  that  key  in¬ 
stitution.  For  this  and  other  forms  of 
evangelistic  service,  the  three  Woman’s 
Boards  are  now  looking  for  8  women. 

In  Ahmednagar,  India,  is  a  woman’s 
hospital  and  nurses’  training  school  in  a 
fine  site  and  with  an  extensive  plant. 
It  is  the  only  hospital  for  women  and 
children  within  a  radius  of  75  miles.  The 
hospital  and  city  work  far  surpass  the 
capacity  of  its  one  American  woman 
doctor.  Only  faith  and  grit  have  kept 
her  from  breaking  under  the  load.  We 
are  eagerly  searching  for  another  doctor 
for  this  great  work.  Five  similar  posi¬ 
tion  for  women  doctors  in  other  fields 
must  be  filled,  while  we  need  18  male 
doctors  for  positions  of  almost  unlimited 
need  and  opportunity. 

Three  million  people  in  the  famous 
Shantung  Province  in  China  have 
nowhere  to  turn  for  modern  medical 
treatment  but  to  the  American  Board 
station  at  Lintsing.  A  finely  qualified 
doctor  has  gone  to  the  hospital  at  Lint¬ 
sing,  but  its  work  is  crippled  for  lack  of 
an  American  nurse.  A  chance  to 
make  one’s  life  count  to  the  utmost.  We 
have  no  less  than  14  unfilled  nursing 
positions  of  similar  importance  in  com¬ 
munity  and  hospital,  scattered  over  our 
world  field. 

The  Board  is  looking  for  a  male 
educator  of  large  caliber  to  join  the 
permanent  staff  of  the  fine  Union  Aca¬ 
demy  at  Canton.  The  Union  Training 


School  of  Ahmednagar  is  without  a  prin¬ 
cipal.  Madura  College  needs  a  science 
teacher.  We  have  10  unfilled  educational 
positions  for  permanent  workers  in  col¬ 
leges  and  academies  and  as  supervisors 
of  schools. 

In  the  City  of  Marsovan,  in  a  large 
mission  station  in  the  healthy  uplands 
of  Armenia,  the  Woman’s  Board  has  a 
girls’  boarding  school  which  through  the 
resourcefulness  and  intrepid  courage  of 
its  principal  carried  on  through  the  war. 
“No  institution  in  the  interior  of  Turkey 
has  had  so  powerful  and  uplifting  an  in¬ 
fluence  on  womanhood  as  this  Girls’ 
School.”  It  urgently  needs  as  an  addition 
to  its  meagre  staff  an  American  woman 
with  especial  qualifications  in  science. 
Twenty-five  similar  teaching  positions 
of  great  importance  in  kindergarten, 
training  school,  boarding  school  and  col¬ 
lege  in  many  lands  await  American  wo¬ 
men  of  vision  and  consecration. 

Asia  Minor  is  one  of  the  richest  agri¬ 
cultural  regions  in  the  world.  In  Har- 
put  there  is  ready  to  hand  a  farm  of 
300  acres.  A  beginning  has  been  made 
toward  securing  stock,  tools,  etc.  We 
need  an  agriculturist  of  vision  and  re¬ 
sourcefulness  to  develop  a  great  agricul¬ 
tural  department  in  Euphrates  College. 
We  urgently  need  other  agricultural 
teachers,  as  well  as  industrial  experts. 

Is  Japan  to  remain  reactionary, 
bureaucratic  and  militaristic  or  is  it  to 
join  the  world  of  liberal  democratic  na¬ 
tions?  Doshisha  needs  a  short-term 
teacher  of  English,  a  man  who  has  just 
graduated  from  college  and  can  go  out 
for  three  years.  For  similar  teaching  po¬ 
sitions  or  for  institutional  work  for  stu¬ 
dents  the  Board  is  now  looking  for  7 
consecrated  college  graduates. 


120 


OTHER  OBJECTS 


OTHER  OBJECTS 

Good  causes  which  have  had  a  hearing  in  our  churches  find  it  diffi¬ 
cult  to  secure  support  in  the  face  of  the  concerted  movements  of  the 
denomination.  It  seems  necessary  therefore  to  include  some  of  these 
causes. 

The  American  Bible  Society 

The  American  Bible  Society  is  well  known  as  the  agency  which  for 
many  years  has  provided  Bibles  for  work  in  the  mission  fields  both  at 
home  and  abroad.  Until  the  day  of  denominational  drives  it  was  pos¬ 
sible  for  this  interdenominational  society  to  secure  contributions  of  con¬ 
siderable  amount  from  the  Congregational  churches  of  the  United 
States.  Recognizing  the  fact  that  the  society  can  no  longer  secure  such 
cooperation,  the  modest  sum  of  $5,000  is  included  in  the  total  budget. 

The  Federal  Council 

The  Federal  Council  of  the  Churches  of  Christ  in  America  brings 
together  more  than  thirty  denominations  for  cooperative  approach  to 
religious  problems.  Its  various  commissions  make  possible  cooperative 
effort,  as  for  example,  the  Commission  on  Evangelism  promotes  common 
approach  to  that  subject. 

In  place  of  appeals  by  the  Council  to  the  local  church,  the  sum  of 
$5,000  is  included  in  this  budget. 

Congregational  Chaplains 

The  United  States  Army  makes  allocations  to  the  several  denomina¬ 
tions  of  the  number  of  chaplains  which  those  denominations  may  pro¬ 
vide.  Congregationalists  furnish  about  fifteen.  In  the  past  nothing 
has  been  done  in  the  way  of  equipping  these  men  with  the  necessary 
requisites.  Other  denominations  are  doing  this  liberally.  $5,000  for 
our  men  will  provide  a  modest  contingent  fund  for  each  of  them.  We 
can  do  no  less. 

The  Congregationalist  and  Advance 

The  Congregationalist  and  Advance  is  the  national  organ  of  our 
Congregational  churches.  Like  other  denominational  journals  of  high 
rank,  The  Congregationalist  and  Advance  is  unable  to  make  profits  and 
has  been  subsidized  for  years  by  our  Publishing  Society.  The  over¬ 
whelming  increase  in  wages,  paper  and  other  manufacturing  costs  have 
so  burdened  the  Publishing  Society  that  an  appropriation  to  enable 
The  Congregationalist  and  Advance  to  maintain  its  high  standard  of  service 
and  strengthen  it  for  the  good  of  the  denomination  has  been  put  into 
the  budget  of  the  Congregational  World  Movement  for  $15,000. 

The  American  Church  in  Paris 

The  large  number  of  American  students  in  the  French  capital, 
supplemented  by  a  continuous  stream  of  American  tourists  and  business 
people,  make  this  church  an  important  factor  in  the  religious  life  of 
Paris.  It  has  been  arranged  that  several  denominations  shall  unite  in 
underwriting  its  needs.  Our  share,  $20,000. 


RESOURCES 


121 


RESOURCES 

Is  It  Asking  Too  Much? 

A  Majority  of  the  Churches  Have  Already  Reached  the  Standard 

$5,000,000  is  a  large  sum.  Can  it  be  spared  from  the  pockets  of 
Congregationalists?  If  it  can  be  spared,  is  it  reasonable  to  hope  that 
the  appeal  for  it  will  be  successful?  Are  pastors  and  church  committees 
justified  in  asking  on  this  scale? 

We  have  had  a  practical  demonstration  of  both  the  ability  and 
desire  of  the  Congregational  people  of  America  to  do  this  thing.  The 
first  presentation  was  made  in  April  and  May  of  1920.  After  the  churches 
had  subscribed  apparently  the  full  $2,000,000  of  the  apportionment,  an 
additional  $3,000,000  was  asked  for,  and  substantially  two-thirds  of  the 
churches,  or  less,  responded  to  the  appeal.  $2,000,000  or  more  was  sub¬ 
scribed  in  consequence;  that  is,  less  than  two-thirds  of  our  churches 
have  evidently  subscribed  more  than  two-thirds  of  the  Emergency  Fund 
in  addition  to  meeting  their  full  apportionment  .  These  are  small  churches 
as  well  as  large.  It  is  reasonable  to  conclude  that  when  all  the  churches 
have  had  time  to  adjust  themselves  to  the  new  program,  we  may  expect 
a  full  return  of  the  complete  budget. 


FINANCIAL  RESULTS  OF  THE 

CONGREGATIONAL  WORLD  MOVEMENT 


Campaign  of  1920 

Amount  subscribed  for  Regular  Budget  of  the  C.  W. 

M.  (Approx.)  .  $1,700,000.00 

Conservative  estimate  of  amount  expected  from 

churches  not  yet  reported .  300,000.00 

Add  tional  amount  subscribed  by  States  having 

special  programs,  including  Hawaii  (Approx.).  .  .  .  1,450,000.00 

Several  States  received  subscriptions  for  causes  other 

than  C.  W.  M.,  amounting  to .  100,000.00 

Total  .  $3,550,000.00 

Increase  over  1920  apportionment  and  C.  W.  M.  re¬ 
turns  to  give  $5,000,000  in  1921 .  1,000,000.00 


Moreover,  it  is  much  more  opportune  to  present  the  appeal  regu¬ 
larly  than  to  ask  for  an  extra.  This  is  particularly  true  in  view  of  the 
fact  that  the  Emergency  Fund  was  raised  immediately  after  the  pledging 
of  the  Pilgrim  Memorial  Fund,  and  when  the  war  drives  were  scarcely 
out  of  memory. 

We  now  have  fewer  distractions,  fewer  extra  appeals;  we  are  or¬ 
ganized  for  education  and  promotion;  we  have  the  educational  value  of 
the  Emergency  campaign  behind  us;  the  Every  Member  Canvass  system 
is  generally  installed,  and  the  denominational  morale  was  never  better. 

Congregational  pastors  and  committees  would  seem  to  have 
good  ground  for  confidence  in  presenting  the  budget. 


RESOURCES 


122 


Is  It  Too  Much? 

It  means  a  modest  amount  from  each  subscriber . 


$5,000,000  from  808,000  mem¬ 
bers  means  $6.18  per  capita,  or 
twelve  cents  per  week  per  capita. 

This  is  a  dangerous  approach, 
let  it  be  confessed.  There  is  not 
the  remotest  possibility  of  securing 
anything  like  per  capita  giving. 

Nevertheless  it  helps  us  to  realize 
the  size  of  the  task  and  to  see  how 
comparatively  small  the  sum  really 
is.  Even  if  a  considerable  number 


The  above  table  may  be  reduced 
to  the  terms  of  the  local  church  by 
dividing  the  total  by  the  number 
which  will  reduce  808,000  members 
to  the  number  of  members  in  the 
particular  church.  Of  course  there 
will  be  wide  variations  due  to  local 
conditions,  particularly  in  the  num¬ 
ber  of  large  givers  and  in  the 
aggregate  amount  of  their  giving. 

Of  course  it  is  remembered  that 
there  are  other  causes  to  be  sup¬ 
ported,  but  next  to  the  current  ex- 


do  nothing,  and  the  majority  are 
inclined  to  do  less  than  twelve 
cents  a  week,  remembering  that 
income  varies  widely,  it  is  not  too 
much  to  expect  the  giving  portion 
of  the  church  to  make  up,  and 
more,  what  is  wanting  in  this  com¬ 
paratively  small  amount. 

To  give  a  concrete  idea  of  the 
reasonableness  of  the  asking,  the 
following  table  is  presented  as  an 
approach  to  the  question: 


penses  of  the  local  church  the  de¬ 
nominational  missionary  enterprise 
would  seem  to  be  a  preferred  claim 
and  the  above  is  intended  to  show 
that  the  amount  asked  is  not  so 
large  but  that  other  claims  can  be 
met  without  embarrassment  to 
Christian  people. 

This  page  should  also  make  clear 
that  what  is  needed  is  the  general 
enlistment  of  the  rank  and  file  of 
the  membership  in  the  support  of 
benevolent  causes. 


IS  THIS  AN  IMPOSSIBILITY  ? 
808,000  MEMBERS 


5,000  contributing  in  large  amounts . $1,000,000 

5,000  members  at  $1.50  per  week .  360,000 

10,000  members  at  $1.00  per  week .  520,000 

10,000  members  at  75  cents"per  week .  390,000 

30,000  members  at  50  cents  per  week .  780,000 

60,000  members  at  25  cents  per  week .  780,000 

125,000  members  at  10  cents’per  week .  650,000 

230,000  members  at  5  cents  per  week .  598,000 

333,000  members  who  cannot  be  prevailed  upon 

to  give . 0 


808,000  members . $5,098,000 


Conclusion. — $5,000,000  is  not  too  much  for  the  missionary 
enterprises  of  the  Congregational  Churches. 


RESOURCES 


123 


Is  It  Too  Much? 

Our  Fathers  Gave  More  Liberally  Than  Is  Required  Now 


The  accompanying  chart  pre¬ 
sents  graphically  the  demands  of  the 
present  budget  as  compared  with 
the  actual  giving  thirty  years  ago. 

It  is  certainly  a  low  estimate  to 
say  that  income  today  is  150% 
greater  than  it  was  thirty  years 
ago.  (Line  1.) 

The  per  capita  giving  in  1890 
was  $16.49,  in  1900  $15.31,  in  1910 
$16.08  and  in  1919  $19.73. 

150%  increase  over  1890  would 
mean  $41.22.  This  is  decidedly 
more  than  is  asked  for.  The  bud¬ 
get  calls  for  a  per  capita  giving  of 
$22.00,  if  there  be  no  increase  in 
current  expenses  for  other  benevo¬ 
lences.  If  we  make  an  increase  of 
$2,000,000  in  pastors’  salaries, 
another  increase  of  $1,000,000  in 
other  current  expenses  and  benevo¬ 
lences,  add  $1,000,000  as  payable 
on  the  Pilgrim  Fund  within  twelve 
months,  together  with  the  total 
$5,000,000  of  this  budget,  our  per 
capita  giving  would  then  be  but 
$28.46,  or  only  72.6%  more  per 
capita  than  was  given  in  1890  over 
against  an  ability  of  150%  greater 
than  in  the  latter  year;  that  is,  our 
total  askings  together  with  liberal 
allowance  for  other  increases  call 
for  only  one-half  as  much  increase 
in  giving  as  we  have  enjoyed  in¬ 
crease  in  resources. 

There  were  no  automobiles  in 
1890;  there  were  no  movies  in  1890. 
In  thirty  years  we  have  learned 
how  to  spend  prodigiously;  in  the 
same  time  we  have  not  learned  how 
to  give  with  equal  liberality . 

Clearly  what  is  needed  is  the 
enlisting  of  the  interest  of  our 
people. 

We  are  now  prepared  to  give  in 
frmation  to  develop  interest  and- 


to  follow  these  up  with  practical 
plans  of  soliciting  subscriptions. 

Again,  it  would  seem  clear  that 
there  is  good  ground  for  confidence 
in  presenting  the  budget  to  our 
churches. 


200% 


175% 


150% 


125% 


100% 


75% 


50% 


25% 


0% 


25% 


50% 


AS 

WE 

HAV 

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PRC 

)SPJE& 

>ED 

A 

i 

i 

ii 
ii 

_ 

n 

ii 

ii; 

{! 

J 

s’ 

~AS~\ 

A/E  H/ 

WE 

C 

hvEt 

\ 

1890 


1900 


1910 


1920 


Giving  and  Receiving  _ 

Line  1  in  the  above  graph  represents 
150%  increase  in  average  income.  This  is 
clearly  a  low  estimate,  for  without  doubt 
increase  has  been  greater  than  that. 

Line  2  represents  the  per  capita  giving 
of  Congregationalists  for  current  expenses 
and  all  benevolences  in  1890,  1900,  1910 
and  1919. 

Point  3  shows  where  the  line  will  go  in 
1921  if  we  raise  the  $5,000,000,  but  without 
increasing  current  expenses  and  other 
benevolences. 

Point  4  shows  where  it  will  go  if  we  raise 
the  $5,000,000  and  add  $3,000,000  for 
other  giving;  that  is,  $2,000,000  on  pas¬ 
tors’  salaries  and  $1,000,000  on  current 
expenses  and  other  benevolences. 

Point  5  includes  the  same  as  4,  with  the 
addition  of  $1,000,000  payable  on  the  Pil¬ 


grim  Memorial  Fund  within  the  year. 

Conclusion. — The  increase  in  per  capita  giving  asked  for  is 
less  than  one-half  that  of  the  increase  in  income  in  thirty  years, 
and  therefore  reasonable. 


124 


RESOURCES 


Is  It  Too  Much? 

If  the  Many  Are  Enlisted  the  Load  Will  Be  Light 


A  graphic  representation  of  the 
proportion  of  a  church’s  member¬ 
ship  which  supports  the  church 
and  its  benevolent  causes  is  a  reve¬ 
lation  to  the  average  church.  For 
giving  such  representation  a  simple 
chart  is  helpful.  On  the  opposite 
page  is  reproduced  from  the  Inter¬ 
church  World  Movement  Survey 
such  a  typical  chart. 

1.  Chart  No.  1.  Prepare  a 
chart  large  enough  to  be  seen  by 
the  entire  congregation,  with  as 
many  squares  as  there  are  mem¬ 
bers.  For  each  family  enclose  as 
many  squares  as  there  are  church 
members  in  the  family  in  heavy 
lines.  Then  mark  as  shown  in  the 
legend  one  line  for  each  member 
who  is  a  regular  subscriber  to  cur¬ 
rent  expenses,  and  the  other  line 
for  each  member  who  is  a  sub¬ 
scriber  to  benevolences.  This  will 
show  at  a  glance  the  proportion  of 
the  church  membership  which  is 
supporting  the  church  and  the  pro¬ 
portion  which  is  supporting  its 
benevolences.  It  will  also  indicate 
whether  pledges  are  made  by  a 
single  member  of  a  family  or  by 
the  individual  members. 

2.  Chart  No.  2.  Another  chart 
should  be  prepared  on  the  same 
basis,  but  with  similar  marks  indi¬ 
cating,  first,  the  members  who  are 


active  workers  in  the  church  or  any 
of  its  departments,  and  the  other, 
the  number  of  members  who  are 
enrolled  as  Christian  stewards.  If 
each  square  in  the  second  chart 
stands  for  the  same  member  in  the 
first  chart,  the  relationship  be¬ 
tween  giving  and  working,  and  be¬ 
tween  stewardship  and  giving,  will 
be  shown  by  comparison. 

It  will  be  found  that  they  who 
work,  give,  and  that  the  reverse  is 
true  that  they  who  give  are  the 
ones  who  may  be  called  upon  for 
service.  It  follows  inevitably  that 
to  enlist  givers  is  to  recruit  work¬ 
ers,  and  conversely,  that  to  recruit 
workers  is  to  enlist  givers.  In 
other  words,  the  whole  life  of  the 
church  rises  and  falls  with  the  ex¬ 
pression  of  Christian  life  in  service 
and  in  contribution. 

3.  An  Alternative  Plan.  The 

combination  of  the  two  charts  in 
one  may  be  better  than  the  sepa¬ 
rate  presentation.  This  would  call 
for  four  marks  in  each  square 
where  a  member  should  be  credited 
on  each  count.  This  can  be  done 
with  a  horizontal  line  for  workers 
and  a  perpendicular  line  for  stew¬ 
ardship.  It  would  help  to  have 
different  colors  for  one  set  of 
marks . 


Conclusion. — $5,000,000  will  be  easily  secured  when  the 
church  membership  is  generally  enlisted. 


RESOURCES 


125 


AN  UNRELATED  MEMBERSHIP 


□  =  One  Member  Group  of  Squares  =  A  Family 

\  =  Contribution  to  Local  Church 
/  =  Contribution  to  Benevolences 

X=  Contribution  to  both  Local  Church  and  Benevolences 


RESOURCES 


126 


Is  It  Too  Much? 


From  the  Standpoint  of  Stewardship  the  Amount  Is  Small 


The  principles  of  stewardship  as 
set  forth  in  the  accompanying  en¬ 
rolment  card  are  fundamentally 
Christian.  Definite  enrolment  un¬ 
der  these  principles  is  a  practical 
aid  to  vital  Christian  living. 

Roger  W.  Babson,  the  Christian 
statistician,  estimates  that  the  an¬ 
nual  income  of  Congregationalists 
exceeds  $2,000,000,000.  If  the 
tithe  is  thought  of  as  an  average 
percentage  under  Christian  stew¬ 
ardship,  this  would  yield  $200,- 
000,000.  Suppose  we  consider  Mr. 
Babson’s  estimate  excessive,  and  to 


be  safe,  cut  it  in  two.  A  tithe  of 
this  would  be  $100,000,000.  Sup¬ 
pose  we  assume  that  half  of  our 
people  cannot  be  counted  on  to  do 
anything.  This  would  leave  from 
the  other  half  $50,000,000.  Sup¬ 
pose  half  of  the  tithe  were  to  go  to 
maintain  the  church  itself.  This 
would  double  the  current  expenses 
of  our  churches.  Suppose  25  per 
cent  of  the  tithe  were  reserved  for 
other  benevolent  objects.  This 
would  leave  25  per  cent  for  denom¬ 
inational  benevolences,  and  yield 
$12,500,000  annually,  or  two  and  a 
half  times  the  $5,000,000. 


STEWARDSHIP  ENROLMENT 
Principles 

1 .  God  is  the  owner  of  all . 

2.  I  am  His  steward  and  must  account  to  Him  for  all  I  have. 

3.  He  requires  of  my  Stewardship,  as  part  of  its  expression, 

the  setting  apart  of  a  definite  proportion  of  my  income 
for  the  extension  of  His  Kingdom. 

Most  proportionate  givers  with  moderate  incomes  start  with  a  tenth. 

Those  with  greater  means  will  no  doubt  select  a  larger  proportion. 


Accepting  these  principles,  I 
purpose  to  set  aside  a  definite 
proportion  of  my  income  to  be 
given  regularly  to  religious  and 
charitable  work.  For  this  year  I 
will  set  aside . per  cent. 


Enrolment 

Name . 

Address . 

Church . Date .  192.  . 


Taking  one-half  of  Mr.  Babson’s 
estimate,  the  average  income  of 
Congregational  church  members 
would  be  $1,250  per  annum.  If 
we  suppose  that  one-half  of  our 
members  will  give  nothing,  we 
should  then  need  from  the  other 
half  one  per  cent  of  their  income. 


Congregationalists  may  not  be 
expected  to  contribute  one  per  cent 
if  they  are  not  interested.  A  careful 
program  of  missionary  education  is 
therefore  proposed  to  accompany  a 
similar  program  of  Christian  stew¬ 
ardship. 


Conclusion. — $5,000,000  is  not  too  much  if  the  principles 
of  Christian  stewardship  are  honored. 


-V’ 


HOW  TO  USE  THIS  SURVEY 


127 


HOW  TO  USE  THIS  SURVEY  IN  MISSIONARY  EDUCATION 


It  is  proposed  that  a  series  of 
pamphlets  shall  be  issued  suggest¬ 
ing  in  more  detail  the  ways  in 
which  this  Survey  may  be  used 
educationally.  The  following  gen¬ 
eral  suggestions  will  be  of  imme¬ 
diate  helpfulness: 

1.  For  Pastors.  This  Survey 
will  give 

Suggestions  for  Sermon  Themes, 

Vivid  illustrations  of  the  power 
of  the  Gospel  to  meet  human  need , 

Facts  and  Figures  useful  in  pre¬ 
senting  a  great  variety  of  topics. 

2.  For  the  Mid-week  Meet¬ 
ing.  Interesting  items  regarding 
the  latest  achievements  of  the 
church  and  present  needs  on  all 
our  mission  fields,  at  home  and 
abroad . 

Materials  may  be  found  here  for 
a  series  of  comprehensive  studies 
on  the  organization  and  work  of  our 
various  Congregational  missionary 
agencies,  one  each  meeting,  and 
this  in  the  light  of  the  very  latest 
data. 

3.  For  Missionary  Societies 
and  Mission  Study  Classes. 

Materials  for  the  study  of  our  Con¬ 
gregational  work  on  all  fields,  at 
home  and  abroad,  as  suggested  for 
the  Mid-week  Meeting. 

Materials  for  working  up  pro¬ 
grams  on  specific  types  of  work  or 
by  which  to  illustrate  from  our  own 
field  the  study  of  general  topics, 
such  as  Medical  Missions,  Chris¬ 
tian  Education,  Americanization, 
and  the  like. 

4.  For  the  Church  School. 

Good,  up-to-date  facts  for  instruc¬ 
tion  in  the  work  of  our  Congrega¬ 
tional  Missionary  Societies,  such  as 
is  called  for  by  our  program  of 
missionary  education  in  the  church 
schools. 


Fresh,  vivid  illustrations  of  the 
Bible  teaching,  drawn  from  the  life 
of  our  own  day  and  the  work  of  our 
own  churches. 

Diagrams  suggesting  graphic  and 
interesting  methods  of  presenting 
missionary  information. 

Abundant  materials  for  working 
up  programs  and  dramatizations. 

Information  upon  which  to  base 
the  choice  of  missionary  projects  of 
study  and  service. 

5.  For  Young  People’s  So¬ 
cieties.  Information  and  illustra¬ 
tions  for  the  general  missionary 
topics. 

Program  materials  for  a  series  of 
meetings  at  which  the  work  of  our 
Congregational  agencies  in  this  and 
other  lands  shall  be  discussed. 

Information  regarding  the  work 
of  all  the  Boards  so  presented  as  to 
give  an  intelligent  idea  of  their  re¬ 
lations  to  the  whole  Christian 
enterprise. 

6.  For  the  Church  School  of 
Missions.  A  good  program  may  be 
made  up  for  such  a  school  out  of 
materials  in  this  Survey.  Our  Con¬ 
gregational  work  may  be  studied 
either  by  Societies,  supplementing 
the  facts  given  in  the  Survey  by 
reference  to  the  missionary  maga¬ 
zines  and  printed  matter  furnished 
by  the  Societies;  or,  by  types  of 
work,  showing  what  we  are  doing 
in  Education,  Medical  Missions, 
etc. 

I*  In  connection  with  such  a  series 
a  program  for  the  general  assembly 
might  be  worked  out  by  having 
each  group  in  turn  present  an  orig¬ 
inal  program  setting  forth  the  work 
of  one  Society  or  type  of  work.  A 
general  title  may  be  chosen  for  such 
a  series,  such  as  Congregationalism 
at  Work,  or  the  title  of  the  Survey 
itself  may  be  used  to  link  the  whole 
plan^together. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLiNOIS  LIBRARY 


128  |AN  ;;  _  1(!01 _ CONCLUSION 

CONCLUSION 

The  Congregational  World  Movement  Commission,  initiated  by  the 
National  Council  and  constituted  by  it  in  cooperation  with  the  state 
conferences,  presents  the  foregoing  survey  of  our  missionary  and  educa¬ 
tional  enterprise,  and  with  clear  conviction  bases  upon  it  the  following 
specific  conclusions: 

1.  $5,000,000  is  the  minimum  amount  needed  for  our  Missionary 
and  Educational  work  in  1921.  The  needs  and  opportunities  would 
justify  a  very  much  larger  amount,  but  your  Commission  has  felt  that 
the  churches  are  not  as  yet  prepared  to  respond  to  a  larger  appeal  than 
$5,000,000. 

2.  Congregationalists  have  the  resources  with  which  to  meet  this 
budget  without  strain  or  without  embarrassment  to  other  causes.  It 
is  our  conviction,  moreover,  that  the  meeting  of  it  will  add  to  the  spir¬ 
itual  life  and  practical  effectiveness  of  the  churches  themselves. 

3.  We  are  persuaded  that  the  members  of  the  Congregational 
churches  are  disposed  to  support  the  Missionary  and  Educational  work 
of  the  denomination  which  has  been  built  up  through  generations  of 
sacrificial  labor  and  devoted  giving.  We  believe  that  what  is  needed  is 
simply  the  giving  of  information,  together  with  practical  opportunity 
for  cooperation. 

4.  We  are  convinced  that  three  things  are  essential  to  the  success 
of  this  program:  (a)  the  securing  of  widespread  commitment  to  the  gen¬ 
eral  principles  of  stewardship;  (b)  the  dissemination  of  definite  informa¬ 
tion  regarding  our  missionary  work,  and  (c)  the  general  installation  of 
a  practical  plan  or  plans  of  securing  subscriptions. 

5.  Following  instructions,  therefore,  your  Commission  has  pro¬ 
vided  for  a  campaign  of  stewardship  enrolment,  a  definite  program  of 
missionary  education  and  propaganda  for  extending  the  use  of  the 
Every  Member  Canvass  for  securing  subscriptions.  We  appeal  to  the 
pastors  and  churches  for  their  eager  cooperation  in  furthering  these 
plans. 

6.  We  are  convinced  that  participation  in  this  comprehensive 
program  of  Missionary  and  Educational  work  will  contribute  to  the 
deepening  of  the  spiritual  life  of  the  churches,  and  with  it  the  promotion 
of  their  effectiveness  in  the  immediate  work  of  those  churches. 

Your  Commission  is  confident  therefore  that  the  denomination  as 
a  whole  will  respond  to  the  needs  and  opportunities  herein  presented 
with  hearty  cooperation.  There  is  cause  for  gratitude  in  the  degree  of 
response  made  to  the  Emergency  appeal,  and  in  this  response  is  found 
ground  for  the  expectation  of  still  further  and  constant  cooperation. 

For  the  Commission, 

LUCIEN  C.  WARNER,  Chairman. 

HERMAN  F.  SWARTZ,  Executive  Secretary. 


ADDRESSES 


American  Board . Rev.  C.  H.  Patton,  14  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Church  Extension  Boards . Rev.  C.  E.  Burton,  Gen.  Sec. 

Home  Miss.  Society . Rev.  Frank  L.  Moore 

Church  Bldg.  Society . Rev,  James  Robert  Smith _ 

Sunday  School  Extension  SocietyRev.  W.  K. 'Bloom 

American  Missionary  Assoc . Rev.  George  L.  Cady,  287  Fourth  Ave,,  N.  Y. 

Congregational  Education  Soc . Rev.  F.  M.  Sheldon,  14  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  Mass, 

Ministerial  Relief . Rev.  W.  A.  Rice,  375  Lexington  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

Annuity  Fund  and  Pilgrim  Memorial 

Fund . Rev.  C.  S,  Mills,  375  Lexington  Ave.,  N.  Y, 

Woman’s  H.  M.  Federation . Miss  Miriam  F.  Choate,  289  Fourth  Ave.,  N.  Y, 

Woman’s  Board  of  Missions. . Miss  Helen  B.  Calder,  14  Beacon  St., Boston, Mass. 

Woman’s  Board  of  Missions  (Interior)  Mrs.  L.  L,  Davis,  19  So.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago,  Ill. 
Woman’s  Board  of  Missions  (Pacific)  Miss  Elizabeth  S.  Benton,  760  Market  St,,  San 

Francisco,  Cal. 


(287  4th  Ave, 
|  New  York 


State  Offices 

N.  California  Conference . . . Rev.  L.  D.  Rathbone,  760  Market  St.  San  Fran¬ 

cisco. 

S.  California  Conference . Rev.  Geo.  F.  Kenngott,  831  So,  Hope  St.,  Los 

Angeles 

Connecticut  Miss.  Society . .  .Rev.  Sherrod  Soule,  Congregational  House,  Hart¬ 

ford 

Illinois  Conference . J.  W.  Iliff,  Treas.,  19  So.  La  Salle  St.,  Chicago 

Indiana  u  . Rev.  John  Humfreys,  Angola,  Ind, 

Iowa  *  Rev.  P.  A.  Johnson,  Grinnell,  Iowa 

Kansas  “  .Rev.  John  B.  Gonzales, Washburn  College,  Topeka 

Maine  “  Rev.  Charles  Harbutt,  95  Exchange  St.,  Portland 

Massachusetts  H.  M.  Soc . Rev.  F.  E.  Emrich,  14  Beacon  St.,  Boston,  Mass. 

Michigan  Conference . Rev.  J.  W.  Sutherland,  Lansing 

Minnesota  “  Rev.  Everett  Lesher,  525  Lumber  Exchange, 

Minneapolis 

Missouri  *  Rev.  A.  R.  Atwood,  Fountain  and  Aubert  Aves., 

St.  Louis 

Montana  “  Rev.  G.  J.  Powell,  Billings 

Nebraska  “  Rev.  S.  I.  Hanford,  408  Ganter  Bldg.,  Lincoln 

New  Hampshire  H.  M.  Soc . Rev.  E.  R.  Steams,  53  No.  Main  St.,  Concord 

New  York  Conference . Rev.  C.  W.  Shelton,  287  Fourth  Ave.,  N.  Y. 

North  Dakota  “  . Rev.  E.  H.  Stickney,  1117  Fifth  St.,  Fargo 

Ohio  “  . Rev.  E.  S.  Rothrock,  801  Hippodrome  Bldg., 

Cleveland 

Oregon.  *  Rev.  A.  J.  Sullens,  Box  905,  Portland,  Oregon 

Rhode  Island  *  Rev.  G.  A.  Burgess,  114  Westminster  St.,  Provi¬ 

dence 

South  Dakota  u  . Rev.  W.  H.  Thrall,  P.  O.  Box  138,  Huron 

Vermont  H.  M.  Soc . Rev.  C.  C.  Merrill,  83  Brookes  Ave.,  Burlington 

Washington  Conference . . .  .Rev.  L.O.  Baird,  Plymouth  Cong’l Church,  Seattle 

Wisconsin  “  . Rev.  L.  C.  Talmage,  14  Marston  Block,  Madison 

Middle  Atlantic  District  (New  Jersey, 

Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  D.  C., 

Va.,  W.  Va.) . Rev.  C.  W.  Carroll,  133  So.  63rd  St.,  Philadelphia 

Rocky  Mountain  District  (Colo., 

Utah,  Wyo.) . Rev.  W.  J.  Minchin,  219  Guardian  Trust  Bldg., 

Denver 

Southeast  District  (N.  C.,  S.  C.,  Ga., 

Fla.,  Ala.,  Mo.,  Tenn.,  Ky.) . Rev.  L.  H.  Keller,  9  West  Ellis  St.,  Atlanta,  Ga. 

South  Central  District  (Okla.,  La., 

Tex.,  Ark.) . Rev.  A.  E.  Ricker,  1707  Main  St.,  Dallas,  Texas 

Southwest  District  (New  Mex . ,  Ariz . , 

Western  Tex.) . Rev.  J.  H.  Heald,  505  Cliff  St.,  El  Paso,  Tex. 


THE  COMMISSION 

of  the 

CONGREGATIONAL  WORLD  MOVEMENT 


OFFICERS 

Dr,  Lucien  C.  Warner,  Chairman . . . . . New  York 

Rev.  Samuel  H.  Woodrow,  Vice-Chairman. . . . . Missouri 

Mr.  Walter  E.  Bell,  Treasurer . New  York 

Miss  Miriam  F.  Choate,  Recording  Secretary . New  York 


■ 


MEMBERS 


Rev.  Chauncey  C.  Adams . Vermont 

Rev.  Ernest  Bourner  Allen . Illinois 

Mr.  Frank  A.  Arnold . New  York 

Mr.  Bruee  Barton . New  York 

Mr.  C.  S.  Bates . . . New  Hampshire 

Hon.  Henry  M.  Beardsley . Missouri 

Mr.  Walter  E.  Bell . . New  York 

Pres.  John  Bennett . Nebraska 

Pres.  James  A.  Blaisdell . California 

Rev.  Alfred  V.  Bliss . Massachusetts 

Rev.  Robert  E.  Brown . Connecticut 

Rev.  Hugh  Elmer  Brown . Illinois 

Mr.  Walker  Buckner. . . New  York 

Mr.  James  N.  Buffinton . Massachusetts 

Rev.  James  P.  Burling . Iowa 

Rev.  Charles  E.  Burton . New  York 

Rev.  George  L.  Cady . New  York 

Miss  Helen  B.  Calder . Massachusetts 

Rev.  Howard  J.  Chidley . Massachusetts 

Miss  Miriam  F.  Choate . New  York 

Mr.  Rolfe  Cobleigh . Massachusetts 

Mr.  W.  Knowles  Cooper. . .  .District  of  Columbia 

Pres.  Donald  J.  Cowling . . Minnesota 

Rev.  Ernest  Ellsworth  Day . California 

Rev.  William  Horace  Day . Connecticut 

Rev.  James  D.  Dingwell . Rhode  Island 

Mrs.  George  L.  Dunham  ............. .Vermont 

Rev.  Chester  B.  Emerson . Michigan 

Mrs.  Ernest  A.  Evans . New  York 

Mr.  A.  W.  Fagerstrum . Minnesota 

Rev.  Frederick  L.  Fagley . New  York 

Rev.  Charles  O.  Grieshaber . Michigan 

Rev.  Charles  Harbutt  . . Maine 

Mr.  E.  W.  Hazen . . . Connecticut 

Mr.  George  W.  Hopkins . New  York 

Pres.  E.  Lee  Howard . North  Dakota 

Mr.  Burton  Jackson . New  York 

Rev.  P.  Adelstein  Johnson . .Iowa 

Mr.  John  E.  Keene . Illinois 

Rev.  Henry  H.  Kelsey.  ..: . California 

Rev.  Shepherd  Knapp . ...Massachusetts 

Rev.  A.  E.  Krom . Rhode  Island 

Mr.  Walter  B.  Lashar . Connecticut 

Rev.  Alfred  Lawless . Louisiana 

Rev.  Everett  Lesher . Minnesota 

Rev.  George  T.  McCollum  . . Illinois 

Mr.  F.  A.  McCormack . Iowa 

Rev.  William  T.  McElveen . Oregon 


Mr.  John  L.  Malm . Colorado 

Rev.  Fred.  R.  Marsh . Florida 

Rev.  Horace  C.  Mason . Washi 

Rev.  Irving  Maurer . 

Rev.  Chas.  C.  Merrill . Vermont 

Rev.  Harry  R.  Miles . Connecticut 

Professor  W.  B.  Mitchell . Maine 

Rev.  John  T.  Nichols . . .Pennsylvania 

Mrs.  E.  A.  Osbornson  . . . . . . Illinois 

Rev.  Alfred  W.  Palmer . Hawaii 

Rev.  Cornelius  H.  Patton . .Massachusetts 

Mr.  Harry  M.  Pflager . Missouri 

Rev.  Watson  L.  Phillips . Connecticut 

Rev.  Rockwell  Harmon  Potter . Connecticut 

Rev.  Henry  H.  Proctor . . New  York 

Rev.  William  A.  Rice . New  York 

Rev.  Albert  E.  Ricker . Texas 

Pres.  Walter  H.  Rollins . Kansas 

Rev.  A.  E.  Roraback . New  York 

Rev.  Edgar  8.  Rothrock . Ohio 

Mr.  Winslow  Russell . Connecticut 

Rev.  George  Savary . Indiana 

Mr.  Dell  A.  Schweitzer . California 

Rev.  Frank  M.  Sheldon . Massachusetts 

Rev.  Charles  W.  Shelton . New  York 

Rev.  Edward  Lincoln  Smith . New  York 

Rev.  Frank  G.  Smith . Nebraska 

Mr.  W.  Grant  Smith . Ohio 

Rev.  Almon  O.  Stevens . Wisconsin 

Rev.  E.  H.  Stickney . North  Dakota 

Rev.  Allen  A.  Stockdale . Ohio 

Mr.  A.  N.  Stronach . Massachusetts 

Rev.  Herman  F.  Swartz . New  York 

Mr.  William  E.  Sweet . Colorado 

Rev.  L.  Curtis  Talmage . Wisconsin 

Rev.  Henry  E.  Thayer . Kansas 

Rev.  Lucius  H.  Thayer . New  Hampshire 

Rev.  W.  Herbert  Thrall . South  Dakota 

Rev.  Francis  J.  Van  Horn . California 

Rev.  John  J.  Walker. . . . Massachusetts 

Mrs.  Williston  Walker . Connecticut 

Mr.  Charles  S.  Ward . New  York 

Prof.  Frank  G.  Ward . Illinois 

Mrs.  Franklin  H.  Warner . New  York 

Dr.  Lucien  C.  Warner . New  York 

Mr.  Lucien  T.  Warner . Connecticut 

Pres.  Henry  K.  Warren . South  Dakota 

Mr.  John  M.  Whiton . .  .New  Jersey 

Rev.  Samuel  H.  Woodrow . Missouri 


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EXECUTIVE  STAFF 

Rev.  Herman  F.  Swartz,  General  Secretary . . . New  York 

Rev.  James  E.  McConnell,  Assistant  Secretary . . New  York 

Rev.  John  L.  Kilbon,  Financial  Secretary . . .  .New  York 

Rev.  William  W.  Scudder,  Secretary  of  Stewardship. . . New  York 

Rev.  Harry  D.  Sheldon,  Superintendent  of  Distribution.. . New  York 


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